Thursday, May 17, 2012

3356) New York Times & Missionary Herald As Disreputable Sources For Armenian Issue


by Professor Türkkaya Ataöv

This short article of mine is a rushed response to an e-mail message informing us that some Armenian quarters in the United States, who neither represent their brethren in that country nor the whole Armenian people, were planning to reprint the New York Times and Missionary
. . . Herald news items pertaining to Armenian-Turkish relations around the year 1915. I am describing my present reaction as “short” because there exist lots of books, articles and archive material on the subject. I wish to draw the attention of the readers, however, to the fact that the basic source in question happens to be the missionary bias, pronouncements, letters and reports, which were copied and printed by the American national and local media without any scrutiny that journalistic ethics demands, now and then. When the emphasis is on the value, or lack of it, as far as missionary interpretations are concerned, reliable printed works are indeed very few. I must emphasize that



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Wednesday, May 16, 2012

3355) The Filiations of Taner Akcam / Some Examples Of The Method Used By Taner Akcam


  • The Filiations of Taner Akcam by Attala AKIN

  • Some Examples Of The Method Used By Taner Akcam by Maxime Gauin

  • Comments By Sukru Aya & League of Nations Sourced – REPLY on HOLOCAUST Charges


  • Unlike his great-grand-son Taner, Communist leader of 70 years, the Armenian Agop does not believe in Marxism or communism ...

    We (Turkey Info News - www.turquie-news.com) invite you to discover the translation of an article that illuminates much about the profile of Taner Akcam. True "historian mercenary", Taner Akcam is presented by Armenian fanatics as
    . . "a courageous Democrat Turkish openly recognized the Armenian genocide." Of course, specify that Taner Akcam is a salaried member of the influential Armenian foundation Zoryan or he was a prominent figure in the ultra-left military in Turkey is not to their taste, political correctness.

    According to Abdullah Ocalan (PKK leader), close to Taner Akcam many years, it would be "a renegade with bloody hands." Ocalan goes even further. It presents him as a character disorder and unscrupulous, who would have "one foot in Yerevan, and the other in America," before concluding, for final settlement, "this man is dangerous."

    We understand why Armenian nationalists prefer to keep silent on this obscure man of Armenian descent

    Do you know why the Armenian activists who are always inclined to attribute an Armenian descent to Turkish personalities, conceal the Armenian origins of Taner Akcam?

    The Armenian Agop is a wealthy landowner who lives in the village of Valei Ahalkeleki region on the border between Georgia and Armenia. Unlike his great-grand-son Taner-Communist leader of the 70 -, Agop, close to the Mensheviks, believes neither in Marxism or communism.

    Agop, who will take the Muslim name of Hasan to flee persecution Bolsheviks, perish during looting and atrocities committed by them. His son Eyüp, who had also taken a Muslim name, finds refuge with his wife of Georgian origin and her children in Ardahan (Turkey) by mixing with Turks fleeing the Bolshevik army.

    Eyup, nicknamed the "Mad", then chooses as a guide for activists Dashnak committees and thus contributes to the massacres of thousands of Turks and Kurds.

    In 1928, no longer having the support of irredentist Armenians, who fled after the proclamation of the new Turkish Republic, it will be executed for treason and participation in the massacres committed against the Turks by foreign armies.



    The grand-son, Taner Akcam, was born in 1953 in the village of Ölçek in Turkey. Dursun Akcam his father-son-of Eyup, born 1927, migrated with his family in Ankara. Taner grew up in the neighborhood Demirlibahçe, where his father taught Turkish at the college. During these years, Dursun Akcam became friends with Baykurt Fakir, a teacher at the school S,afaktepe. Deleted and no character in childhood and adolescence to Demirlibahçe, Taner becomes the butt of his comrades who often target of their taunts. Later, during his studies at the University ODTÜ (Technical University Middle East) in Ankara, he joined the association ODTÜ-DER where he will claim "anti-nationalist and democratic", while concealing its origins Ethnic he considers to be a handicap.

    Increasingly active in revolutionary movements as communist ADYÖD, GENÇ-DEV or DEV-YOL [1], he is the champion of anti-Turkish nationalism among younger generations. Taner Akcam, who has seduced and deceived many young people within the movement-DEV GENÇ, never misses an opportunity to vindicate the "Pride NOT BE TURKISH". In March 1976, when he became one of the executives of the armed movement of DEV-YOL far left, he was arrested and sentenced to nine years in prison for open conflict with the Turkish Nation and the State.

    However, with the help of accomplices, he managed to escape March 12, 1977 and requested political asylum in the FRG (Federal Republic of Germany) with a false passport. Arrested for illegal entry into the German territory, it is hosted for three months by the Secret Service (Bundesnachrichtendienst, BND) in this country. Here, Taner Akcam, the revolutionary dogmas consists of members of the BND "experts" of Turkey and minority rights, paving the way for his career.

    After a few months in Germany, he obtained political refugee status, then German citizenship [2] by enrolling in a language school in the state of North-Rhine - Westphalia. In December 1977 he was appointed to the Free University of Berlin as an assistant to Tessa Hofmann [3], a known expert in the analysis of conflicts of minorities in Turkey and the Caucasus who has published a thesis on the political German expansionist in the Caucasus region and particularly in Georgia, a country familiar to Taner Akcam since his ancestors were from Armenian ...



    The wizard Akcam, assimilating eagerly indoctrinating German, in 1986 received a fellowship from the Institute of Social Studies in Hamburg. At the same time, the famous Professor Fischer, and BND officer who worked on topics such as the Euxine, and the Lazistan Çamlihemsin (note: on the southern coast of the Black Sea in Turkey), is harnessed to pervert Turkish illegal workers, from the East Black Sea, to spy on behalf of the BND, promising them "worker visas" in the FRG. At this time, Akcam, in collaboration with Fischer contributed to unrest in this region of Turkey by conducting espionage against the Turks in their own country.



    In 1998, Akcam was panicked, when Fisher was arrested in possession of secret documents in the north-eastern Turkey. In retaliation, he proposes that the BND to establish a list of academics of Turkish origin living in Germany to stop them, agrees that the BND. In parallel, the German secret services control to Taner Akcam, against payment under the cloak, "studies" on "Violence in Turkish history," "torture in Turkish culture" and the "Armenian genocide". This is Tessa Hofmann, also a member of the BND and a team of the Hamburg Institute who were in charge of establishing research subjects.

    Thanks to his thesis on "torture in Turkish culture," Taner Akcam and his weapons and will prove his academic abilities and his loyalty to the German line. This earned him swiftly to become employee of the Institute of Social Studies in Hamburg.

    With the support and the maneuvers of the BND, Akcam easily obtained, and miraculously, the title of Doctor at the Institute for her study: "The Armenian issue, the trial of Istanbul and the Turkish national movement."

    In 2001, while preparing his thesis lecturer on the topic of "Turkey and the Eastern Question" with a grant from the so-called "Hamburg Foundation" which promotes Science and Culture, he acquired great esteem among nationalist organizations of the Armenian diaspora and German secret services, saying with verve and with finality: "I will prove that Turkey is a state without a people."


    There, also, interesting and surprising in this case, it is the personality and activities of Tessa Hofmann, a professor at the Free University of Berlin and the BND agent. A true guru of Akcam and has, on the one hand, distributed known errors that contained Taner Akcam's research and other sponsored it with the support of the German secret services. Tessa Hofmann is an honorary member of the Union of Armenian writers and, as Pastor Lepsius, she says the Armenian massacre was the first systematic genocide of the twentieth century [4]. It also claims that "genocide" would have been an example for the genocide of Jews by the Nazis, adding to this indictment that the gas chambers were created, also for the first time, by the Turks. The origin of these theses is silly to look deep into the German will to get rid of guilt and a diversion on the issue of genocide of the Jews, by throwing a spotlight of shame on the Turks. This will is expressed, explicitly or implicitly, by various means. Thus, in its desire to restore his dignity, Germany is targeting the Turks and Turkey.

    Under the terms of Hofmann, Unionists formed a group and rabid racist (in his book The Human Rights and the Armenian problem, Taner Akcam discusses openly and in a partisan manner, matters relating to the Union and Progress and Turkism (pages 96-209)). Mustafa Kemal is promoted as "the killer of more than two million Armenians and Greeks", about the Armenian activists, they are neither more nor less than "heads of families who fought with desperate courage." Still according to Hofmann, the cities of Van, Erzurum, Bitlis, Trabzon, the regions of Karabakh and Nakhchivan, would be part of the Armenian homeland. In the days following the publication of the book's dark Hofmann, the Karabakh region was overrun by Armenian troops. Moreover, after defining the Turkish-speaking Muslims as Tatars, she says that they attacked the Armenian minority in the Caucasus, killing and plundering those who lived there. Turning to the massacres of Susa, Aghdam and Fizuli committed by the Armenians, it justifies them, saying, "wars have their own logic bloody." That, the application of the principle that the best defense is attack, so it was of strategic importance to seize Susa, which was, according to her, once, an Armenian land.

    In the books of Akcam, except recurring references to Hofmann, the German pastor Lepsius is also one of missed sources. The books of this pastor, Andonian [5] or Hovanissian, only pro-Armenian, without moderation defaming the Turks and their government, are the product of resentment and hatred, they have even slanderous charges unpublished until today. Thus, in his book The Human Rights and the Armenian issue (pages 228-247), he wrote a plan to exterminate the Armenians was decided August 2, 1914, one day after the signing of the covenant with Germany, implemented by the Special Organization Tes,kilat-? Mahsusa Esref Kus,cubas,? of course without ever mentioning the destruction of Russian units in Anatolia and Armenia. The book also claims (pages 248 and following) that Armenians included in the regiments of workers were killed. There is no physical evidence, Talat Pasha is presented (page 286) with certainty as the architect of "genocide." He also argues (page 316) that important documents have been destroyed and that the public would be misled about this.



    Edward J. Erickson

    Also, Taner Akcam can legitimately be considered the scribbler slanders and lies of Armenian theses. He pretends, for example, to ignore that forced displacement were passive defense measures, therefore, he calls them "massacres". It is, quite simply, the mission he was asked. If he refused to perform it, he could lose support of the Armenian organizations.

    In addition, he said (page 544) that Atatürk himself admitted the words "Armenian genocide", without providing any reference or refer to the report by the American High Commissioner Mark Bristol. According to Taner Akcam, Mustafa Kemal takes a particularly sensitive and critical attitude in discussions with representatives of Western countries, about the killings between 1915-17. Thus, he would have admitted to General Harbord's death 800,000 Armenians.

    Thus, it is clear that the path, relationships, style and views of Taner Akcam, the Trojan are chosen by Armenian nationalists in the war they are fighting at all costs against the Turks. The author certainly bears a Turkish name, but does not consider himself as a Turk.

    Taner Akcam is the result of a triple parentage:
    - Turkish parentage is affirmed but instrumentalized,
    - His family is Armenian descent but hidden,
    - His identity is ideological affiliation but politicized.



    Gocek, Richard Hovannisian, Elif Safak and Taner Akcam

    Nevertheless, history meets on 1 March 1921, in the words of Mustafa Kemal allegations of Akcam and his cronies on the Turks:

    "Gentlemen, I want to remind you that in order to break our determination and faith, while the sad events inside the country continued on the outside, our enemies did not cease for a moment their pressure and their terrible provocations. In the West the Greeks in the south the French who armed themselves and drove the Armenians against us, in the East in the occupied areas, massacring Armenians in Armenia and committed abuses against the Muslim population ... The greatest misfortune that we imposed the year just ended was the Treaty of Sevres. Gentlemen, despite the efforts of our enemies for a year, today the decrees of the Treaty of Sevres are no longer either in fact or law.

    Gentlemen, among the defeated countries in 1918 only Turkey was able to reach this goal, thanks to the strength of his armies and his political vision. Our enemies continue in the regions they occupy, to kill, to oppress, plunder our deport citizens and deprived of any means of protection, despite these injustices non-Muslims who are within the territories under the authority of the Government of the Turkish Grand Assembly without fear and live in safety under the protection of our laws and our forces.

    Although the propaganda say French, American, Armenian, Greek, German and the rest of the Western world, younger generations will never forget nor Turkish these historical truths, or the betrayal of those who supported and nurtured by foreign imperialist forces, to Like the Muslim fundamentalists have become enemies of the Turks, those will drown in your contempt. "

    Read also:
    - "Armenian Cause" and terrorism
    - Hereros: The first genocide of the 20th century



    Notes

    [1] The Genç Dev / Dev Yol / Dev Sol / DHKP-C is a manufacture of Soviet secret services, who have repeatedly tried to destabilize and then bring out the Turkey of the 1960s to the 1980s (Claire Sterling, The Network of Terror. Survey on international terrorism, Paris, Jean-Claude Lattes, 1981, p. 229-237), generating the far-left terrorist group, ASALA, the CJGA (terrorist wing of the FRA, created by Congress in 1972, which formalized the tilting of the Dashnak the Soviet side), then the PKK.

    In 1985, the World Congress of the FRA decided to place one of its priorities, working with the Turkish extreme left, preferably terrorist. In 1928, a congress in Baku was attended by Kurdish nationalists, the Armenian nationalists and Kurdish antikémalistes, under the Soviet, the Soviet-Turkish relations have experienced a brief crisis in 1928-1929.

    [2] Taner Akcam has dual Turkish and German citizenship, which is forbidden. This fact alone is a strong indication corroborating its close ties with the BND.

    [3] Tessa Hoffman participated in the so-called "Permanent Peoples' Tribunal", in 1984, which "condemned" the "Armenian genocide". The presiding judge was François Rigaux, former president of the Belgium-Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge defenders in Belgium). Tessa Hoffman's contribution was "the German eyewitnesses", especially Armin Wegner, Ms. Hoffman presented as a leading indicator.

    However, in 1993, Tamcke Martin, professor at the University of Göttingen, published a study on devastating Wegner, relied on the personal archives of it (Armin T. Wegner und die Armenian: Anspruch und eines Wirklichkeit Augenzeugen, Cologne, Cuvillier , 1993, revised and expanded second edition, Münster, LIT, 1996). Since then, Ms. Hoffman has done a coaster, first in a book (Armin T. Wegner. Writer and Photographer of Eyewitness Armenian Genocide, Yerevan, Apaga, 1996), then in an interview with Guenter Lewy in 2001 in Berlin , where it has come to recognize that Wegner was a source devoid of reliability (Guenter Lewy, The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey, Salt Lake City, University of Utah Press, 2005, p. 304, n. 22).

    Ms. Hoffmann has also republished the trial records of S. Tehlirian, assassin, in 1921, Talat Pasha. For the cover, she found nothing better than a painting made in 1872 by Russian artist Vasilli Vereshcagin: a pyramid of skulls symbolizing the horrors of the Franco-Prussian war of 1871, this painting was frequently presented in the 1980s, as a photograph of the remains of the Ottoman Armenians (Türkkaya Ataöv, Armenian Forgeries, New York, Okey, 2008). Ms. Hoffmann finally recognized the manipulation at the time of the case Perinçek.

    [4] Selecting the facts in an unacceptable manner, it denies so shameful and perverse, the genocide of the Hereros (people of Namibia) by German colonial troops in Namibia in 1904.

    [5] proved false according to historians.



    Translated via Google From Source
    Please feel free to submit a better translation


    Les filiations de Taner Akçam: Turkish Version Of The Article : Taner Akçam’in Soy Kökeni




    Some Examples Of The Method Used By Taner Akcam
    May 16, 2012, by Maxime Gauin

    the USAK received a copy of the latest book by the German sociologist Kurdish-Armenian ancestry Taner Akcam, called The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity. The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire. Before writing a report for the Journal of Turkish Weekly, I started to browse the book, I already knew by the report's devastating Erman Sahin, dedicated to the Turkish version, shorter of this book. I have not had time to get into a detailed analysis - especially since it will be dosed between what has been said and what will be more like the original comment - but I can not resist the temptation give some examples of particularly significant.

    Pages 203-204, Mr. Akcam says that "the clearest statement, showing that government policy [CUP] vis-à-vis the Armenians [during WWI] was to their annihilation is in a telegram August 29, 1915 sent by the Interior Minister Talat Pasha in Ankara province. [...] This document alone should put an end to long and unnecessary debates on this issue. "

    Therefore include the telegram, in full:

    "The Armenian question which arose in the eastern provinces is resolved. [However], there is no damage to the image of our nation and our government by acts of cruelty no need no justification. In particular, the recent attack took place against the Armenians near Ankara has caused much regret to the Minister, who found that the event occurred following the obvious incompetence of the officers charged with overseeing the transfer Armenians, and the audacity of police and locals, who acted according to their animal instincts, raping and robbing the Armenians. The transfer of Armenians, which must be applied in order and with caution, should never in future be entrusted to individuals motivated by a fanatical hostility, and Armenians - as those transferred than other - have to be protected against any aggression against any attack. In places where such protection could not be ensured, the transfer must be postponed. From now on, officers in charge [of transfer] will be held accountable, given their rank, any attack would happen, and returned to court martial. It is necessary to give strict orders in this regard, the staff concerned. "

    Reference: Yusuf Hikmet Özdemir and Sar?nay, Turkish-Armenian Conflict Documents, Ankara, Grand National, 2007, p. 235.

    Mr. Akcam was right about one thing: this statement is clear.

    Trying to prove - which is completely untrue - that the Catholic and Protestant Armenians were subjected to forced displacement General, Mr. Akcam argues, in particular (p. 378), that "the new order was definitely not retroactive but applied only to Armenians who have not been expelled and deported '. "

    Therefore include the entire document:

    "The purpose of the transfer of Armenians to places where they now live to some areas is determined to end their attempts and their activities against the government, that is to say, to render it impossible to establish a independent Armenia [the Ottoman territory]. Since there is no intention to annihilate the Armenians, it is absolutely necessary to protect the lives of those transferred in convoys and to take all measures to provide food rations during the trip, the cost for it to be assumed immigrants by the fund. It is also necessary for the authorities, to the exclusion of those whose relocation was decided, the Armenians, especially those related to soldiers, as shown in the previous order, as well as artisans, Protestants and Catholics, will be left on their current place of residence.

    Regarding those who attack the convoys, steal goods and dare to violate the Armenians, acting according to animal instincts, and also in respect of officials and police who have initiated such attacks, judicial investigations must begin immediately so that they are severely punished, without showing any leniency whatsoever in their favor. These officials will be immediately removed from office and sent to court martial. In addition, their names will be reported. In case of such attack, the administration of the province will be held responsible. "

    Hikmet Özdemir and Sarinay Yusuf, op. cit., p. 237.

    Mr. Akcam distorted in two ways and this telegram:

    a) Stating that the exemption no longer applied only to Catholics and Protestants left: it applies to these categories in general, and also the artisans and to the families of soldiers.

    b) Taking orders for no very clear against any criminal act.

    Still on exemptions from forced displacement, Mr. Akcam intends to prove that if they were not respected in Adana, it is the fault of Talat, who lied to the German representatives. He quotes the ambassador Acting Hohenhole. However, as indicated by Guenter Lewy long before the book appeared Mr. Akcam, Hohenhole explicitly rejected the idea that Talat should seek to deceive the Germans, concluding that if the exemption were not met, it was subsequently at the initiative of local officials untimely and uncontrolled. Indicates that also exasperated Mr. Lewy not being obeyed, Talat expelled Adana three leaders who ignored his orders and, accordingly, the U.S. Consul Nathan forced displacement from Adana came to an end (Guenter Lewy, The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey, Salt Lake City, University of Utah Press, 2005, p. 185-186).

    Mr. Akcam also states (pp. 414-415) that "at the seventh session of the same trial [a trial by court martial held in Istanbul under occupation of the Agreement, in spring 1919] [...] Yusuf Riza [former officiates Special Organization, OS], faced with irrefutable documentation too, was forced to admit that the CUP Central Committee and the systems have played an important role in the various crimes committed in time of war against the Armenians and other. "

    However, as indicated, references in support, Mr. S,ahin in the article that I mentioned above (and which appeared in English in 2010, two years before the English edition of the book):

    a) No document was produced at the seventh session;

    b) Far from making the confession attributed to him that Mr. Akcam, Yusuf Riza said he was "unable" to answer the question of whether the OS really participated in the forced displacement, and has clearly stated that nobody among the central committee members of the UPC, was involved in the process of forced resettlement.

    Page 197, Mr. Akcam refers to the "Ten Commandments" attributed to the UPC, whereas there is evidence that since 1973 it is an apocryphal text (Gwynne Dyer, "Correspondence," Middle Eastern Studies, IX-3, 1973 pp. 377-378). Mr. Dyer responded to the author proarménien Christopher Walker, who had referred to this text. After reading the response, Mr. Walker has never referred to the "Ten Commandments" as a proof.

    Also include Donald Bloxham, staunch supporter of the qualification of "Armenian genocide":

    "The most serious historians consider this document as to authenticity at best questionable, and it is probably a fake. [...] He who has given this document to the British sold them in February 1919, a time when many false documents were outstanding. "(" Donald Bloxham Replies ", History Today, No. LV-7, July 2005).

    Moreover, Mr. Akcam refers to the English translation of Vahakn N. Dadrian, who adds words ("commit massacres") that are not in the 'original' (see on this Ferudun Ata, "An Evaluation of the Approach of the Researchers Who Advocate to the Armenian Genocide Trials Relocation" , in The New Approaches to Turkish-Armenian relations, Istanbul, Istanbul University Publications, 2008, p. 560).

    Yes, how can you resist?

    Read also:
    - The affiliations of Taner Akcam


    Translated via Google From Source
    Please feel free to submit a better translation



    Comment By Sukru Server Aya

    1- Thanks to all contributors of this illuminative article and Mr. Gauin for added comments..

    2- Regarding the unfounded/fabricated/stale charges of genocide or other bilateral atrocities, I ask all parties who still speak of an act of genocide (which could not physically even had happened and there is no evidence of any sort) to refer to my attached reply and openly inform the readers if they now know anything better about truth, compared to what the most authorized personality, General Secretaries of the League of Nations had written down about a century ago!

    3- Open Call to all concerned: It is either that the League of Nations was wrong when they lived and resolved the incidents a century ago, or you are ridiculously inverting and distorting "pyramid-strong documentary evidence".

    This invitation to belie my document stands free to all parties, scholars, writers, speakers, etc. etc. WORLD WIDE.

    Who is lying, me, or the documents or those who still shamelessly fabricate stories?

    Respectfully
    S.S. Aya

    League of Nations Sourced – REPLY on HOLOCAUST Charges:

    c. Let us get records straight from the desk of the most authorized body, the “League of Nations”:

    Doc. 1- Posting # 3099) If Armenians Fight With Us Against The Turks, We Promise To Give Them National Home, Liberty And Independence

    © This content Mirrored From  http://armenians-1915.blogspot.com

    Doesn’t this monumental document tell “how innocent Armenians were, and how and why 200.000 young Armenians sacrificed their lives”?

    Enough is enough gentlemen, read well before you start lecturing nonsense.

    d). Now let us see the second document confirming . What do you believe; your imagination and palavers or the plain monumental documentation?

    Doc. 2:
    “League of Nations” - Important Documents
    “University of Bradford” Armenia and the League of Nations
    Documents from the United Nations Library, Geneva; League of Nations Archives Collections

    Copy of “Note Verbal” by Secretary-General Sir Eric Drummond, dated March 1st, 1920.

    Page 2: “Further, in Turkey, minorities were often oppressed and massacres carried out by irregular bands who were entirely outside the control of the central Turkish Government.

    CONCLUSION: I repeat my posting “Admit Facts and Shut up” for those who do not like to read: http://armenians-1915.blogspot.com/2008/10/2610-genocide-lies-need-no-archives.html

    Respectfully,
    Sukru S. Aya
    .

    Monday, May 14, 2012

    3354) François Hollande And The Turks


    Maxime Gauin

    There is a historical trend in the main Socialist leaders of France alternating their attitudes vis-à-vis the Turks, especially if the Armenian question is involved. Jean Jaurès (1859-1914) diffused the Armenian nationalist propaganda in the 1890s, in ignorance, then
    . . . met the Young Turks and became, until his death, their loyal friend. The first years of François Mitterrand’s presidency were marked by a serious crisis (1981-1984), but it was very quickly resolved and followed by years (1985-2000) of good relations.

    However, this is perhaps the first time that the victory of a Socialist provokes both satisfaction and concern, from a Franco-Turkish perspective. For the Turks, the main sensitive points are: French awareness (or lack thereof) of Turkey’s growing importance; the Turkish candidacy for European Union membership; the cooperation against terrorism (chiefly the PKK); the situation of Turkish immigrants in France; and the Armenian question

    Mr. Hollande understands the strategic and economic role of Turkey. He wrote in his book Le Rêve Français (The French Dream, 2011) that negotiations between the EU and Turkey must be “fairly” (loyalement) pursued, until their conclusion. He criticized Mr. Sarkozy several times for his radical opposition to Turkish candidacy. Despite the persistent ignorance of some Socialist leaders about the PKK, there is no reason to fear that the Franco-Turkish agreement against organized crime, signed in October 2011, will suffer. Mr. Hollande was elected on a program of national unity and reconciliation in a rejection of the anti-immigrant demagogy. He even promised to present a reform giving non-EU citizens the right to vote in municipal elections.

    Consequently, it is clear that only the Armenian question represents a serious subject of concern, which must be neither underestimated nor overestimated. Turkey and Turks are paying the cost of more than ten years (1997 until the late 2000s) of passivity and ineffectiveness vis-à-vis Mr. Hollande, ten years largely used by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) for its proper agenda. Even the staunch support of the ARF for the Nazis, or the terrorist tradition of this party, were not used as an argument for years. Turkey and Turks are also paying for the more than twenty years (from the beginning of 1990s to today) almost without translation of any scholarly work rebutting the “Armenian genocide” allegations into French. Regardless, is it too late? No.

    Among the close friends of Mr. Hollande, you have not only members of the ARF, but also several MPs who gave their signature to send the Boyer bill to the Constitutional Council. Mr. Sarkozy tried until the end to prevent these applications from being presented. Mr. Hollande eventually renounced the pressuring the MPs of his party, after a few days. Mr. Hollande’s recent speeches given to Armenian associations, in Marseille and Paris, were published only by Armenian websites, not by his campaign site or by the Socialist Party.

    The current situation of both national and European jurisprudence is another reason to be quite optimistic. The decision of the Constitutional Council destroying the Boyer bill was based on the principle of law, not a formal, secondary problem. It leaves very little possibility for a new attempt. The Court of Justice of the European Union decided in 2003 (first instance) and 2004 (appeal) that the European Parliament’s resolution regarding the Armenian “genocide” had no legal value. The European Parliament itself has reversed its views since 2007.

    In conclusion, a lot of work remains, but Mr. Sarkozy’s defeat most likely marks the beginning of a new spring in Franco-Turkish relations. A coordinated effort of information and education, which would neglect no issue, is needed and would be very fruitful.

    Maxime Gauin is a researcher at the International Strategic Research Organization (USAK) and a Ph.D. candidate at the Middle East Technical University Department of History.

    May/14/2012
    Source

    Reader Comments
    B Medic
    5/18/2012
    It is very positive that France's attitude towards a Turkish membership of EU may very well change with Hollande as president, both for EU, but especially for Turkey. Turkey now has every opportunity to prove that the country can be a true modern state that deals with its issues in a really democratic way and not just an authoritarian banana republic as it was the 1980s and 90s.

    V Tiger
    5/17/2012
    'I am waiting since months some replies from the Armenian side to my articles'.Review of Armenian Studies,Review of International Law and Politics,International Review of Turkish Studies are all Turkish government funded organizations & their aim is very well known which is to distort history with lies.I am not an academic but a simple offspring of 2nd generation of Genocide survivors.With your rubbish articles if you consider yourself an academic then you definitely do not need any bones thrown

    V Tiger
    5/17/2012
    'Since 1986, Turks found thousands of skeletons of Muslims killed by Armenians in Anatolia, from 1915 to 1918.'It is not enough for you to steal our land,culture,heritage & NOW YOU STEAL OUR MASSACRED?About Armenian mass graves in the Varto region,read: Rebel Land: Among Turkey's Forgotten Peoples by Christopher de Bellaigue,p111 valley of Newala Ask.Shame on you.

    V Tiger
    5/17/2012
    Have you heard about 'Armenian Genocide Memorial Church, Der Zor'?Google it.

    V Tiger
    5/17/2012
    812th battalion were composed of Soviet Armenian POW-s similar to Turkistanische Legion,Azerbaijani Legion,The Georgian Legion (1941-1945). Hungry POW-s. The legion, like other Turkic and Caucasian forces formed by the Germans, has been described by one military historian as "poorly armed, trained, and motivated," and was "unreliable and next to useless."

    sam stevens
    5/17/2012
    Well said Jack. Turkey seems to have a policy of never recognise, never apologise. They will cannot be fully accepted until they realise this. For heavens sake just look at the constant demands for apologies from the Israelis & bitterness seen towards them for nine deaths,Turkey is a hypocrite of the first order.


    Maxime Gauin
    5/16/2012
    Maxime,when you quote a point you have to take it in its entirety.” I replied about the 812th Armenian battalion of Wermacht. This was the point. “You will always be scrutinized.

    Wonderful. I am waiting since months some replies from the Armenian side to my articles published by academic journals (Review of Armenian Studies, Review of International Law and Politics, International Review of Turkish Studies).

    Maxime Gauin
    5/16/2012
    We want to excavate them from the mass graves & give them proper burial.”

    The totalitarian dictatorship which rules Syria since decades is a great friend of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation—logical: the origin of the Baas party is a pro-Nazi group, and the ARF was vehemently pro-Nazi as well. Why was there not a single attempt to find corpses of Armenians since decades, in Syria? Since 1986, Turks found thousands of skeletons of Muslims killed by Armenians in Anatolia, from 1915 to 1918.

    V Tiger
    5/16/2012
    Maxime, when you quote a point you have to take it in its entirety.Christopher Walker's 'Armenian The Survival of a Nation' the subject starts from p354 'The Second World War' & ends p360.That is why your article is biased as you only choose bits that suit your aims & targets of the propaganda machine USAK that pays your salary.You will always be scrutinized.

    V Tiger
    5/16/2012
    US Observer,we want all that you've mentioned plus justice to the massacred so that they rest in peace.We want to excavate them from the mass graves & give them proper burial.We want to put an end of this saga & lies.

    Maxime Gauin
    5/16/2012
    So, V Tiger you do not contest anymore the alliance of the ARF with the Nazis, and the participation of the 812th Armenian Batallion of the Wermacht on the Eastern Front. Good. Now, you attack Turkey. The polemics on the “Sturma” affair were definitely settled by the late Prof. Stanford J. Shaw, using both Turkish and British sources (Turkey and the Holocaust: Turkey's role in rescuing Turkish and European Jewry from Nazi persecution, 1933-45, New York-London, NYU Press/MacMillan Press, 1993).

    US Observer
    5/15/2012
    I just want to know what the Pro Armenian genocide people hope to accomplish? What do they really want? Money...land? What if Turkey did say that it happened, so what? What will you have to complain about then?

    V Tiger
    5/15/2012
    Turkey declined thousands of asylum requests by German Jews; how 600 Czechoslovakian Jews on board the vessel “Parita” were turned down; and how 768 passengers on the Romanian vessel “Struma,” after being kept waiting off Istanbul for weeks in poverty and hunger, were sent to death in the Black Sea by Turkish authorities, with only one survivor in the winter of 1942.)

    Jack Manougian
    5/15/2012
    There is no "Armenian Question", only Armenian Genocide. The reason why Turkey is losing the PR battle it's because it does not have a case. Truth will always win.

    Chris Green
    5/15/2012
    In fact, Tiger, Turkey was officially neutral during WW2 and furthermore, it has recently been shown that Hitler had Turkey on his list of countries to invade! I do not think that Turkey should invest too much more time either with the French or EU!

    V Tiger
    5/15/2012
    Soviet Armenia lost 300000 soldiers fighting the Nazis

    V Tiger
    5/15/2012
    See also the following legions in the same POW position: Turkistanische Legion Azerbaijani Legion The Georgian Legion (1914-1918)

    V Tiger
    5/15/2012
    Poor Jean Jaures that he was killed in 1914 & did not witness what his 'friends' namely as you say Young Turks committed the 1st Genocide against the Armenians.If only he survived one more year...

    V Tiger
    5/15/2012
    The Israeli scholar Yair Auron has noted that Turkish nationalist efforts to thwart recognition of the Armenian Genocide have resulted in the dissemination of various Turkish propaganda publications in regards to the Armenian Legion

    V Tiger
    5/15/2012
    The Armenian and Georgian battalions were ultimately sent to the Netherlands as a result of Adolf Hitler's distrust for them, and due further to low morale and poor training, many of them deserted, defected or revolted.[1] The legion, like other Turkic and Caucasian forces formed by the Germans, has been described by one military historian as "poorly armed, trained, and motivated," and was "unreliable and next to useless."[

    Maxime Gauin
    5/15/2012
    There is no simplification. The judgment of the European Court on the European Parliament's resolution of 1987 are available online, in English and in French. Once again, about the Armenians and the Nazis, Christopher Walker, a staunch supporter of the "Armenian genocide" allegation, unequivocally wrote: "The 812th Battalion was operational in the Crimea and the North Caucasus." ("Armenia. The Survival of a Nation", London-New York: Routledge, 1990, p. 357).

    V Tiger
    5/15/2012
    On whose side was Turkey fighting during WW2?A whole country was pro-Nazi & not a small party.

    de Wit Hans A.
    5/14/2012
    Mr. Gauin, this is not a game between some PhD students, your allegations, de facto slander, is serious business. And I am not even going to react on your simplifications of ECHR ruling regarding the Armenian Democide. You are not entitled.

    Maxime Gauin
    5/14/2012
    To my knowledge, the scholars who produced the most detailed analysis of the alliance between the ARF and the Nazis are Gaïdz Minassian (just see the name) and Georges Mamoulia. Mr. Mamoulia is a Ph.D. student of Claire Mouradian. It would be hard to find in the French academia somebody who is more anti-Turkish than Ms. Mouradian.

    Ergun Kirlikovali
    5/14/2012
    Maxime Gauin write a factual and insughtful essay. We have left, for too long, the task of identifying the Turk and Turkish history to anti-Turks. Do you think any Armenian lobbysist would mention, even in passing, the tiniest hint about Armenian complicty in war crimes and hate crimes committed by Armenian gangs like ARF, Hunchaks, Ramgavars, and many other armed, militant, viciously violent groups? Franco-Turkish relations must be purged of Armenian propaganda if closure on WWI is sought.

    de Wit Hans A.
    5/14/2012
    d) and to make it complete: Hitler found Christians (and that includes Armenians) despicable. He relied more on Muslim battalions as Hitler had a weakness for Islam. This put your whole research in a different spotlight, or not, Mr. Gauin?

    V Tiger
    5/14/2012
    Personal attacks are justified when the author writes rubbish without any justification & above all verification:for example ARF's staunch support for Nazis or its terrorist tradition?Hollande & the French socialist party are dumbos & do not know with whom they are dealing?With a pro Nazi party with terrorist tradition?

    de Wit Hans A.
    5/14/2012
    b) its well know that Turkish propaganda publications in regards to this Armenian Legion only serves to misled the public opinion and not serves the academic debate on this. And Mr. Gauin, I am not an Armenian but I dislike lies and lousy research.

    de Wit Hans A.
    5/14/2012
    a) I advice M. Gauin, to check with the Anne Frank Found about the Armenian 812 Batalion which was sent to the Netherlands during WW2. Check with Joris Versteeg who has written intensely about the Georgian and Armenian bat. and Bosnian (Waffen SS!!!)

    Red Tail
    5/14/2012
    Turkey is perfectly capable to decide how to respond the the French Armenian issue. If we want to ruin the relationships with France because of it, then we can do that. But we can also decide not to ruin the relationship. We can do what is best for Turkey and the Turks and it is our own governments responcibility to make that decision. It is not only up to France to decide how the relationship should be. See for example France and Germany. They work well together despite history.

    Maxime Gauin
    5/14/2012
    It is always funny to read the replies of a certain kind of Armenian readers. No argument, directly personal attacks.

    V Tiger
    5/14/2012
    USAK is a Turkish funded organization & Maxime needs to live & to get paid to write such rubbish.ARF support for Nazis? Any more rubbish? Armenian Genocide denial dossier has nothing to do with ARF or any Armenian party but only with truth & it stays open

    .

    Friday, May 11, 2012

    3353) To Be Armenian In Turkey


    By Klara Yeteroglu,

    25 May 2012 Update


    From time I realized myself, one part of mine is Turkish and Moslem, and my other part is ARMENIAN and Christian. The conflicts and arguments which are intended to be placed in our country lately bring questions to my mind. Why do they want to make enemies of these two friendly communities, who lived in peace for centuries? What side should I take or do I have to be on one side?
    . . .

    Today in Turkiye there are about 40-50.000 Armenian Turkish citizens. This number was much higher at the time of the Ottoman Empire, but regretfully during WW1, “the Loyal Millet” named Armenians were incited by French and Russians and some of them revolted. Armenians reputed for their national loyalty, became part in undesired incidents in the East. May be both sides had to do bad things to each other because of war. People who lived together in peace for centuries started to see each other as enemies, just because of the interests of other countries. As a result no Armenian State was founded and neither the dead came back. Both sides lived days full of pain.

    In the recent twenty years, some bad intended thoughts started to provoke the Armenians living in Turkey. As a result tensions started to escalate between two people. Aged 14, I started to interpret these last incidents from my own world. I am born from a Turkish mother and Armenian father. In this country I can go to Armenian school and do my prayers in church. I can buy newspapers and magazines in Armenian language and follow the events. During national holidays I can freely celebrate the days and become part of our own community. More interesting is the fact that our state gives us moral and material support continuously and I am proud to say this. Well, then what is the problem? I think that the problem is that foreign powers do not like us to live in peace in Turkey. I am both Armenian and Turk or from Turkiye. I think that there many who think the way I do. When the Kurban Holiday or Christmas comes, we celebrate both. We respect every one and we are likewise respected by all. At this time I am studying in a Turkish school, I see no discrimination from my friends or teachers. I can preserve my own faith and discuss all subjects with my friends. My best friends are Turks and I think that I am also their best friend. I am fed up to think of what happened years ago and induced to make us suffer the pains of the past. I want to be left in our own natural course and not to invoke our friendly daily lives.

    My name is Clara, my family name is Yeteroglu (means son of enough) . I think, that this rounds up everything!

    (First Prize for School Composition)



    25 May 2012 Update
    Echoes Of the "To Be Armenian In Turkey" we have originally published it in May 11, 2012 Here.

    Aksam Newspaper has copied it and made a news item assuming that we are the USA Based Armenian website -which we are not, and ignoring to mention the source in a proper way, then NTVMSNBC has copied it from Aksam and published it. EksiSozluk is the only site published the original source as our site. Then, our website visitor numbers jumped to several thousand hits an hour, followed by 1000s of copies and many tweets worldwide, becoming the most read item on the net, then the TV programs followed it as the number One item.

    Although NTVMSNBC, Vatan, Aksam and Milliyet Newspapers have been informed that they were suppose to include the source (ie:Armenians-1915.blogspot.com) if they could still claim to be journalists since they didn't even bother to investigate it in the first place, then, they have chosen to play the "Ignorance is Bliss" Tune.

    What can we say other than: All the best to the "So-Called Main Media in Turkey" and their followers.

    Here's some echoes of the "To Be Armenian In Turkey"




    Direct Link


    Comment by Sukru Server Aya:

    May 25 Update Echoes Of the "To Be Armenian In Turkey" we have originally published it in May 11, 2012

    Dear All,

    As a truly “independent truth defender” dedicated to humane compassion, understanding and fighting with shallow or biased knowledge we pick up from books, or articles or movies, conferences etc. and after reading the various “very superficial” comments, and as an old contributor to this extremely serious, unbiased blog site since the year 2005, I wish to bring a few facts into light! This blog has posted more than 3300 postings, which should add up to over 100.000 pages, has some 400 E-books which makes another 50.000 or pages and over 100 videos and slide shows. In short you need ten years for all this.

    If all of the sudden some “responsive humans” express interest in a school composition contest, touching a few live facts, this should be applauded. I understand that there have been “thousands of entries” on this posting and over 40 pages of various comments “made in haste” without taking the slightest trouble to go through very few of the pages which anyone can reach immediately, “if they really wanted to hear what various sources said” about the topic. As the anecdote goes, when men were reincarnated and had a choice of picking from the various brains in jars, everyone picked up his old brain because “he thought it was the best” and was “scared of other brains”. I do not want to get into nonsense arguments on this blog, particularly with those who make decisions on what they “hear or read” from one side only. Some of the comments were “raw or vulgar” because the writers thought they were right and entitled to condemn other persons, nations, etc. with the amount of knowledge in “his/her brain”.

    Sadder is the fact that some well known Turkish newspapers or sources (Aksam, Milliyet, Radikal etc) did not even show the professional ethics for the original source (this blog), which was the first to post this writing in Turkish as it appeared in the school magazine, plus the English translation for foreign readers!

    Few “know-all-writers” even concluded that this blog was in USA… Of course in doing so, they were so negligent that they did not even go into the blog and learn about it, by clicking on the main menu.
    See: Armenians-1915.blogspot.com/2007/06/1762-faqs-readers-questions-answers.html
    While “most” of the Turkish commentators treated the subject with understanding, some of them and in particular most of the Armenian commentators jumped into high conclusions, such as Turkish State Propaganda, Ministry of Education etc. by “just imagining the skill totally empty non attentive or responsive naïve persons or offices”. Few had to go lower with “hordes, barbarians, killers etc.” whilst some thought that it was good time to demand the properties of grandfather, etc. left behind.

    The interview made by AGOS at Klara’s home with her parents in Turkish, could have put more light on the compassion and understanding which is normal, for those with “full brains”. If there will be lots of new request for that “follow-up editorial”, I will take the trouble to translate it in English for this blog.

    Below, I am giving a few links which will contribute to enriching few brains, satisfying their egos with ardent nationalism that ends in fanaticisms or fascism and even worse, religious bigotry which is one of the main causes :
    http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=JvEb3b-w17g&vq

    I tried to alert the general public and in particular parents, who raise their children with ingrained animosity and hatred for other humans, giving live examples which you can see-watch in:
    Armenians-1915.blogspot.com/2012/04/3347-video-same-distorted-history-same.html

    I will save the document about the genocide fanfare at the end of this paper. However, I strongly recommend the readers to view
    Armenians-1915.blogspot.com/2006/08/932-at-kumkapi-every-wednesday-small.html
    and read what one of the 70.000 illegal Armenian working women had said when asked: "The woman I worked for gave these to me. They give us gifts on their and our sacred holidays and ask if we are short of anything. Sometimes, the Turks here treat us better tan the local Armenians. I am greatly thankful; they don't make me feel a stranger. Anyhow, you do not have a bad nation, you have bad men."

    Now, let us continue our stroll through life and see a happy couple, who tried hard to win. Look at this couple…Do their faces speak for any ethnicity or religion? Is that really a crucial necessity?

    Armenians-1915.blogspot.com/2011/01/3204-armenian-turkish-couple-ties-knot.html

    © This content Mirrored From  http://armenians-1915.blogspot.com

    Those who would like to hear “what type of support the Turkish Government gives” to researchers dedicated to TRUTH ONLY (where this blog stands), may please watch in Turkish or read:
    Armenians-1915.blogspot.com/2012/05/3352-video-untruth-about-armenian.html

    Those who may have preferred to die or kill because of different nationality and hatred, may read

    http://armenians-1915.blogspot.com/2012/03/3344-armenian-speaking-muslims-of.html
    and see how “intelligent human beings minimized the dramas brought by others and survived”.

    I really did not intend to bring any clarification about what “millions of people think or know based on what they heard” and which are not based on irrefutable documents. But to answer “charges of brain washings” I add below page which summarizes millions of pages of various documents to the same effect:

    Let us get records straight from the desk of the most authorized body, the “League of Nations”:
    Armenians-1915.blogspot.com/2010/06/3099-if-armenians-fight-with-us-against.html

    © This content Mirrored From  http://armenians-1915.blogspot.com

    Doc. 1- Posting # 3099) If Armenians Fight With Us Against The Turks, We Promise To Give Them National Home, Liberty And Independence

    Doesn’t this monumental document tell “how innocent Armenians were, and how and why 200.000 young Armenians sacrificed their lives”? Enough is enough gentlemen, read well before you start lecturing animosity!

    -Now let us see the second document confirming that whatever happened was outside of the control of the central government and carried out by irregular bands-. What do you believe; your imagination and palavers, or the plain monumental documentation?

    Doc. 2: “League of Nations” - Important Documents “University of Bradford” Armenia and the League of Nations
    Documents from the United Nations Library, Geneva; League of Nations Archives Collections

    Copy of “Note Verbal” by Secretary-General Sir Eric Drummond, dated March 1st, 1920.

    Page 2: “Further, in Turkey, minorities were often oppressed and massacres carried out by irregular bands who were entirely outside the control of the central Turkish Government.”

    CONCLUSION: I repeat my posting “Admit Facts and Shut up” for those who do not like reading:
    Armenians-1915.blogspot.com/2008/10/2610-genocide-lies-need-no-archives.html

    This blog is not a forum for any ones propaganda, or nation! It aims “facing the TRUTH whatever it may prove to be”. We try to stop this absolutely stupid animosity and friction, which has become a commercial commodity, serving the “well to do ones” instead of the “truly needy ones”. I express my thanks and highest appreciation to the “moderators of this blog” who say they are from Turkey but live abroad. History tells that “all calamities inflicted on the well to do Armenians” living in Turkey for over 600 years, always came from outside countries. They said they “wanted to save” but they “destroyed” their own people. Youngster Klara did best to avoid interventions, distracting their happiness. Bravo!

    Respectfully, Sukru S. Aya, Istanbul May 25, 2012
    .

    Thursday, May 10, 2012

    3352) Video: Untruth About Armenian Genocide With Sukru Server Aya, ART TV 4th May 2012, Strategy Special

    Summary of the Discussion "Untruth About Armenian Genocide" with Sukru Server Aya

    This programme started with the presenter Ali Kulebi's introduction of SS Aya as an eminent researcher and a writer on the subject. In reference to the previously viewed video clip which showed the Turkish Prime Minister Erdogan's speech in 2005, the question was asked about the current situation following the April 24th genocide commemorations all around the world. Aya responded with an observation about the Prime Minister's argument, stating that there would always be a problem with this kind of argument because he believed that the Armenians would neither respond to his invitations, nor come to discuss the subject as they have no historical evidence for their claims. They should be confronted with the reams of evidence and documents which exist and prove that the claims cannot be based on truth
    . . .

    Aya believes that the Turkish state has a duty to question and demonstrate the truth, putting the evidence in front of the eyes of the believers and supporters of this unjust claim.

    Aya and Kulebi acknowledged that the subject is being used as a political tool by the French politicians in order to gain Armenian votes. Aya pointed out that the acceptance of genocide is being discussed in Iceland, Check Republic and Norwegian parliaments and Obama is still getting away with playing with words in the US because the Turkish state is not making a real effort to challenge them with the strong relevant documents. He explained that there are 160 newspaper articles from 1890s, proving the existence of Armenian terrorism and their fight against the Ottoman army.

    In enhancing this argument Kulebi read from one of the documents in which the old United Nations (1920) General Secretary clearly declares the impossibility of intention of genocide on the part of the Turkish administration; “Further, in Turkey, minorities were often oppressed and massacres carried out by irregular bands who were entirely outside the control of the central Turkish Government".

    Kulebi later enquired about the inaction of the Turkish Foreign Office officials and wondered why they were allowing all the unjust claims/actions of the activists as well as the biased press to continue unchallenged. Aya's response was based on his belief that in order to achieve this, people need to be curious, educate themselves on the subject and arm themselves with historical facts and figures as he himself has been doing for years. He believes that the state does not seem to be organised enough and willing to undertake this responsibility on herself. He pointed out that if ever, the much talked about Commission was set up and proceeds, the host country Switzerland is not likely to be neutral, given their past attitude towards Turkey.

    Aya explained that he was not one for taking sides, Turkish or Armenian and that his work was based on a humanist perspective because he was interested in the truth and the importance of the truth being acknowledged. He referred to his Armenian contacts and the website where his work is continuously published and documents displayed while he has come unstuck with the Turkish Foreign Office officials, press and academia that do not seem to want to know about his work. Aya believes that even the Turkish press is reluctant to publish the truth but somehow happy about publishing news related to the supporters of genocide claims!

    Aya gave his opinion about the established belief in Armenian people and the Diaspora where the role of the activists and some terrorists being the most crucial element. He believes that the psychological situation of the people have been manipulated by them with the financial gain playing an important part. Also that they have managed to professionalize the hatred towards Turkey in the way they collect aid money and money for supporting US senators and Congressmen with their political campaigns. At this point Kulebi gave the example of Nancy Pelosi, an American Senator who has campaigned against Turkey vociferously as a pay back to the funds and support she had received from the Californian Armenians. Aya acknowledged that the American public is likely to be naive and innocent and that they believe Armenian propaganda in the absence of a strong counter argument by the Turkish State. Aya believes that they must be confronted with facts and figures. Also that the Prime Minister has a strong hand, strong evidence base and that he should fully utilise these.

    Aya continued to supply further information from the archives of US (General Harbord) and Britain. He made the link between British and Russian encouragement in involving the Armenian Turks to rebel, and this leading to the refusal of the ‘ Armenian autonomy’ offered to them by the Turks in 1914. The ensuing killings and thousands of dead bodies were later witnessed by the Turkish Army entering Erzincan and Erzurum at the end of the war. Kulebi mentioned the graves in Syria which are claimed to be the only Armenian graves discovered up to now. However Aya questioned the genuineness of these and also explained the impossibility and the myth of so many million Armenian deaths as argued. If the claim of 1.5 million deaths in 150 days were to be accepted, this would have required the killing and burial of 10.000 people every day. This he said is an absurd lie and cannot be believed.

    Aya explained the delicateness and the difficulty of overturning the American belief system but was adamant about the necessity of exposing the truth; he referred to Prof Justin McCarthy's work where the origins of the hatred against Turks are explored and documented. Aya explained that the original purpose of the American missionary involvement was driven by this hatred and the objective of converting the Armenians into Protestants.

    These points led to Kubeli's enquiry about the West's double standards and general negative attitude towards the Muslims, demonstrating itself even in the heart of Europe when thousands of Muslims were massacred by the Serbians in 1990. Double standard issue was also related to the actions and inactions of the West in the cases of Northern Cyprus and Karabag (Azerbaijan).

    Kulebi moved the discussion to the issue of latest Armenian demands; financial compensation and property. Aya gave documentary evidence regarding the already paid compensation, going back to 1937 – the early Republican Government days. Aya referred to the communique between US and the Turkish Foreign Office; this document was signed by W Washington of US Foreign Office, stating clearly that $ 89.338 was paid to the Armenians as compensation and that therefore Turkey was clear from any further obligations. Aya believes that this US signed document should be used as an evidence to confront all the demands continuously being made on Turkey.

    At end of the discussion both Aya and Kulebi discussed the unjustness of the claims and the slander against the Turkish character and behaviour, giving examples from history about the Turks' caring and helpful acts towards other nations regardless of their religious differences. One example was the 3 ships-full of grain sent to Ireland due to the potato famine in 1840, during the reign of Sultan Abdulmecid. The other example given was the 98% of American aid which was delivered solely to the Christians during the famine and epidemics suffered by the Ottoman army and the Muslim public as well as the Armenian Turks. American Aid Report noted with astonishment that there was no looting or stealing in the times of extreme suffering and shortage by the Turks.

    Aya summarized that the deportation of Armenians was necessary and it was successful because as a result, Armenian terrorists had stopped their terrorist actions. It was also noted as significant that many of the deported returned to the Republic of Turkey afterwards.

    Aya expressed his frustration and his sadness that he has not been effective in mobilising the Turkish government since his involvement in 2005 and that he was not immortal. Kulebi responded with the conclusion that the' fight must go on' and that Aya’s work is being most helpful and appreciated by many people.

    Betula Nelson 10/05/12




    .

    Monday, May 7, 2012

    3351) Did The Ottoman Government Practice ‘Ethnic Cleansing’ Against Armenians?

    Maxime GAUIN © This content Mirrored From  http://armenians-1915.blogspot.com
    Updated 11 May 2012

    Maxime Gauin
    JTW Columnist,
    7 May 2012

    This column is a reaction to one of Mustafa Akyol’s in Hürriyet Daily News, published on April 25, 2012.

    http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/armenian-ethnic-cleansing-as-de-islamization.aspx?pageID=449&nID=19180&NewsCatID=411

    There is absolutely nothing personal, or even ideological, in this response; I want only to respond to these precise points, as a historian working on the Armenian question.

    Mr. Akyol alleges that “the nationalist Young Turk government decided to expel almost all Armenians to Syria” and that “The ‘Turkism’ of the Young Turks, Kaplan reminded, yearned for not a plural nation of many faiths and ethnicities, but an exclusive ‘Turkish homeland.’”
    . . .

    The Ottoman census counted around 1,300,000 Ottoman Armenians on the eve of 1914. This census undercounts both Muslims and non-Muslims, for technical reasons (a lack of material and human power to count everybody, especially in eastern Anatolia and Arab lands). The most serious estimations count around 1,700,000-1,750,000 Armenians.[1]

    There is no definitive study on the number of relocated Armenians. The Ottoman sources indicate that 438,758 Armenians were relocated until the beginning of 1916 to Arab provinces, including 382,148 who arrived at their destination and 56,612 who perished.

    [2]Certainly, more perished due to illness or being attacked by Arab tribes, especially during the year 1916; others had been killed in inter-communal clashes in Van, Urfa, and some other cities. There are also reasons to believe that the account of relocated Armenians is not comprehensive.[3]

    Now, let’s look at the Armenian sources. In 1918, Boghos Nubar, co-president of the Armenian delegation in the Paris peace conference, estimated the total to be 600 or 700,000.[4] In addition, the Russian army relocated about 300,000 Armenians (half whom perished, surely not because of any “ethnic cleansing” design)[5], and some others were relocated from one Anatolian town to another.

    As a result, to pretend that “the nationalist Young Turk government decided to expel almost all Armenians to Syria” is at least questionable and an overly simple assertion.

    Most of the Armenians of Ystanbul (160,000), Yzmir (13,000), Edirne (33,650), Kastamonu (13,700), Kütahya (several thousand), Antalya (at least 500), Mara? (6 or 7,000), and Aleppo (22,000)were not relocated during WWI, and neither were thousands of Armenians who were Catholics, Protestants, artisans or parents of soldiers.[6] They were not because they did not represent a threat to the Ottoman State’s security.

    Indeed, it should be noted that there was no “Turkism” in the main reasons for the relocation. If the CUP “yearned for not a plural nation of many faiths and ethnicities, but an exclusive ‘Turkish homeland,’” why did this party accept Christians, Jews and non-Turkish Muslims, not only as members, but also for high positions, like mayors, deputies and ministers?

    The presence of Jews, including Emmanuel Carasso, a leader of the Young Turks, provoked anti-Semitic reactions against the CUP from various factions. The Young Turks supported the election of its sympathizer Bedros Kapamaciyan as mayor of Van in 1909. Kapamaciyan was assassinated by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation in December 1912.[7]The CUP promoted Gabriel Noradunkian to minister of commerce in 1908, despite him havingmade his career as a top-rank civil servant under Abdülhamid. Noradunkian served as minister of foreign affairs in the anti-CUP government of 1912-1913. Regardless, the CUP, coming back to power in January 1913, proposed several times, in vain, that Noradunkian remain in his position.[8] From January 1913 to November 1914, the minister of PTT, Oskan Mardikian (member of the CUP), was Armenian, and the minister of public works, SülaymanBustani, was a Christian Arab. Both resigned because they supported the neutrality of the Ottoman Empire; the majority of the CUP leaders considered maintaining the neutrality to beimpossible.

    In summer 1914, the CUP proposed in vain that Boghos Nubar become the Ottoman minister of foreign affairs. The Armenian insurrections (see below) did not provoke an absolute and general distrust of Armenians by the CUP leaders. Indeed, Berç Keresteciyan, deputy director general of the Ottoman Bank, was promoted to director general during WWI. Keresteciyan supported the Kemalist movement during the Turkish war of independence, and was a deputy of Afyon from 1935 to 1946.

    It should also be noted that even Enver Pasha was a staunch supporter of the full integration of non-Muslims in the Ottoman army, at least until 1914.[9]

    Mr. Akyol rightfully praised the book of Guenter Lewy on the Armenian question. This book contains a devastating analysis of the allegations against Ziya Gökalp, an intellectual and member of the CUP central committee, wrongly presented as a chauvinist and anti-Christian.[10]

    What motivated the Ottoman government in 1915 to relocate a portion of the Armenian community? Chiefly, military and security reasons. In addition to the well-known insurrection in Van (April 1915), other important revolts took place in Zeytun (August 1914, February 1915) and Bitlis. Insurrectional activities were organized in Cilicia as well, with the Armenian committees hoping for and repeatedly making claims of an Anglo-French landing. Even in the Bursa region, there were Armenian gangs attacking the Ottoman army and Muslim civilians. Considering the atmosphere of panic in spring 1915 and the limited number of roads in the Ottoman Empire, the decision is easy to understand.[11] The gradual reaction of the Istanbul authorities is another argument against the “ethnic cleansing” allegation: The insurrectional movement in Zeytun was crushed in the relocating of the Armenians of this city to Konya, instead of Arab lands; and as late as May 2, 1915, Enver suggested relocating only the Armenians living in the vicinity of Lake Van.[12]

    “Ethnic cleansing” was so far from the Ottoman government’s mind that, as early as 1916-1917, several thousand Anatolian Armenians were allowed to goback to Urfa.[13]

    It is perfectly true, however, that the Armenian committees, assisted by the Greek government, prevented the coexistence of communities in Cilicia through intense and misleading propaganda.[14] Similarly, the Greek army practiced a scorched earth policy during its retreat of 1922, which not only included a general burning of all villages and cities, as well as numerous massacres, but also the forced exile of Christians, to undermine the recovery of the Turkish economy after the peace treaty.[15] This was a kind of “ethnic cleansing.”

    If the descendants of Christian Anatolians want to present grievances, if Turks want to show a “common pain,” they should logically begin presenting their critiques to Athens and to the headquarters of the three old Armenian nationalist parties, namely the ARF, Hunchak and Ramkavar.


    [1] Guenter Lewy, The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey, Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2005, p. 235; Justin McCarthy, “The Population of the Ottoman Armenians,” in TürkkayaAtaöv (ed.), The Armenians in the Late Ottoman Period, Ankara: TTK/TBMM, 2001, p. 70, http://web.itu.edu.tr/~altilar/tobi/e-library/TheArmenians/thearmenians_table2page70.gif

    [2] Yusuf Halaço?lu, “Realities Behind the Relocation,” in TükkayaAtaöv (ed.), The Armenians in the Late…, pp. 130-133, http://web.itu.edu.tr/~altilar/tobi/e-library/TheArmenians/Relocation.pdf

    [3] GuenterLewy, The Armenian Massacres…, pp. 198-203, 209-220 and 236.
    [4] http://www.ttk.org.tr/templates/resimler/Image/ErmeniArsivBelgeler/belge5.jpg
    [5] Richard G. Hovannisian, Armenia on the Road to Independence. 1918, Berkeley-Los Angeles-London: University of California Press, 1967, p. 67.

    [6]Kemal Çiçek, “Relocation of the Ottoman Armenians in 1915: A Reassessment,” Review of Armenian Studies, n° 22, 2010, pp. 120-121; Yusuf Halaço?lu, The Story of 1915. What Happened to the Ottoman Armenians?, Ankara: TTK, 2008, pp. 52 and 91; GuenterLewy,The Armenian Massacres…, pp. 158, 165, 180, 186-187, 191, 203-205; HikmetÖzdemir and Yusuf Sarynay, Turkish-Armenian Conflict Documents, Ankara: TTK/TBMM, 2007, pp. 119, 127, 175, 201, 203, 207, 213- 221, 237, 265, 283, 321, 339, 341.

    [7]HasanOktay, “On the Assassination of Van Mayor Kapamacyyan by the Tashnak Committee,” Review of Armenian Studies, I-1, 2002, pp. 79-89, http://www.eraren.org/index.php?Lisan=en&Page=DergiIcerik&IcerikNo=94; KaprielSeropePapazian, Patriotism Perverted, Boston: Baikar Press, 1934, p. 69.

    [8]YücelGüçlü, The Holocaust and the Armenian Case in Comparative Perspective, Lanham-Boulder-New York-Plymouth: University Press of America, 2012, pp. 85-86.

    [9]Odile Moreau, L'Empire ottoman à l'âge des réformes. Les hommes et les idées du « Nouvel Ordre » militaire (1826-1914), Paris : Maisonneuve et Larose, 2007, pp. 49-50 and 70-71, http://armenologie.blogspot.com/2011/11/le-projet-ottomaniste-dadmission-des.html

    [10] Guenter Lewy,The Armenian Massacres…,pp. 43-47.

    [11]Numerous references in MaximeGauin, “The Convergent Analysis of Russian, British, French and American Officials Regarding the Armenian Volunteers (1914-1922),” International Review of Turkish Studies, I-4, Winter 2011-2012, pp. 13-16, http://armenians-1915.blogspot.com/2012/03/3341-convergent-analysis-of-russian.html

    [12]Yusuf Halaço?lu, “Realities Behind the Relocations…”, pp.
    109-110; Facts on the Relocation of Armenians. 1914-1918, Ankara: TTK, 2002, pp. 58-60 and 67-68; GuenterLewy, The Armenian Massacres…, p. 307, n. 4.

    [13]GuenterLewy, The Armenian Massacres…, pp. 203 and 215.

    [14] Background and references in MaximeGauin, “The Convergent Analysis…”, pp. 34-41.

    [15] See, for instance,MevlütÇelebi (ed.),Greek Massacres in Anatolia on Italian Archive Documents, Ankara: AAM, 2010, pp. 102-110; Rapport d’ElzéarGuiffray, administrateur délégué de la Société des quais de Smyrne, 27 juillet 1922 ; Raymond Poincaré au colonel Mougin, 7 septembre 1922 ; Colonel Mougin au général Pellé, 8 septembre 1922 ;Ministère des Affaires étrangères au représentant français à Athènes, 8 septembre 1922 ; ministère aux ambassadeurs à Londres, Rome et Washington, 8 et 9 septembre 1922 ; Général Pellé au ministère des Affaires étrangères, 12 septembre 1922 ; ministère au chargé d’affaires à Washington, 26 septembre 1922, Archives du ministère des Affaires étrangères, P 1380 (the microfilm P 1380 is full of French documents regarding the Greek scorched earth policy).

    Source





    MUSTAFA AKYOL
    akyol at mustafaakyol dot org

    Armenian Ethnic Cleansing As ‘De-Islamization’

    Yesterday was the 97th anniversary of what Armenians call the “Great Catastrophe,” or the ethnic cleansing of Ottoman Armenians from Anatolia, their historical homeland, in 1915. Those who commemorated the tragedy included some Turks, such as the group that gathered in Istanbul’s Taksim Square.

    With the slogan, “Let’s meet with the common hope that comes out of common sorrow,” these were a group of liberal activists who defy both the anti-Armenian enmity of Turkish nationalists, and the anti-Turkish bias of the Armenian Diaspora. And, most notably, they included not only secular liberals, who have always been at the forefront of “revisionism” on “the Armenian issue,” but also some Islamic figures.

    One such figure was Hilal Kaplan, a young veiled lady who has degrees in sociology and writes an influential column in Yeni Şafak, a mainstream Islamist daily. She not only joined the Taksim commemoration, but also called on fellow Muslims to do the same in a significant piece she wrote the day before.

    Titled “1915 as a move of de-Islamization,” Kaplan’s piece defined the ethnic cleansing of Ottoman Armenians as a part of secular Turkish nationalism’s onslaught against Islam. Islam, she reminded, was the very reason why Armenians had lived safely under Ottoman rule for centuries, for Islamic law had defined Christians as “People of the Book” with inalienable rights. That is why in 1915, when the nationalist Young Turk government decided to expel almost all Armenians to Syria, some Islamic opinion leaders, such as the famous mufti of Boğazlıyan, Abdullahzade Efendi, defied Istanbul’s orders and tried to protect the Armenians.

    The “Turkism” of the Young Turks, Kaplan reminded, yearned for not a plural nation of many faiths and ethnicities, but an exclusive “Turkish homeland.” This led not only to the destruction of Armenians, but other tragedies of the Republican period, such as the ethnic cleansing of other Christian groups, or the Kurdish massacres in Dersim.

    In her piece, Kaplan also called on all conservative Muslim Turks to revisit their respect for “our forefathers.” “Isn’t it worth asking,” she wrote, “whether your forefathers are those who formed and protected the multi-religious [Ottoman] structure, or those who brutally wasted it?”

    In fact, Kaplan’s piece was only one example of a new rhetoric that is emerging among a new generation of liberal-minded Islamic intellectuals: They see the ethnic cleansing of Ottoman Armenians, along with all the oppression that non-Muslims of Turkey have faced in the past century, as an abomination against Islamic values. And they argue for what one can dub as “neo-Ottomanism,” which is basically a call for a pluralist Turkey of many faiths and ethnicities.

    Of course, the historic accuracy of this argument can be debated. What is perhaps more important, however, is its political promises. For one of the reasons why liberal pluralism did not flourish in modern day Turkey is that its supporters remained an elite group of Westernized secular liberals, who often had the best of intentions, but also lacked the cultural connections with the common Turk.

    However, Islamic liberals such as Hilal Kaplan speak within the Islamic values that are engrained in large segments of Turkish society. And that is why their message is more promising for building a more democratic, self-critical, and, I would say, virtuous Turkey.

    April/25/2012


    READER COMMENTS
    JJ Ahf
    4/29/2012 1:19:50 AM
    Vasiliki Limberis we have peace. I feel sorry for people like you who still think they are in war.

    american american
    4/27/2012 4:55:45 PM
    except in 1915 kemal was not the war hero...it was still ottoman

    V Tiger
    4/27/2012 1:29:07 PM
    4000 years old homeland emptied in 3 years by killings,rape,kidnapping of children...

    Vasiliki Limberis
    4/26/2012 11:56:17 PM
    Ms. Kaplan has stated clearly what the problem was in 1915: kemal and Turkishness over human values. If today Turkey would repatriate the Armenians and Greeks and restore their property, then we could all get along peacefully, putting past behind.

    Suzy Baker
    4/26/2012 6:40:26 PM
    Why would Turks kill loyal friends? Because the Iman preached that Muslims would not go to hell for killing (Armenians) Christians. It wasn't the neighbours who killed neighbours, it was militia.

    Birol A
    4/26/2012 5:41:03 AM
    I think Yeni Safak are skating on thin ice when it comes to 'people of the book' comments. It implies that atheists, bahai's, budhists etc are fair game to be ethinically cleansed.

    Murat E
    4/25/2012 7:29:50 PM
    Can not think of a worse way to violate the memory of the innocent victims of crimes against humanity than using the occasion to propagate more hate and seed future crimes. All resolutions and monuments did nothing to stop genocides in this century.

    mevlut erdem
    4/25/2012 4:14:41 PM
    So,for no reason we deported the armenians? Does anyone find that strange or is it just me? A deportation allways has a reason(some armenians sided with the russians,im not saying all and out of fear for further problems they deported the armenians).

    Tevfik Alp
    4/25/2012 4:01:40 PM
    Event happened almost a 100 years ago. What is the benefit of refreshing this mutual animosity back and forth? Get over it, start dealing with each other in better neighbourly relations.

    mara mcglothin
    4/25/2012 3:10:36 PM
    So maybe these "Islamists" should stand guard outside the churches in Turkey today to prove they are all still about the protection of the minority. It is nice to discuss history, BUT I would much rather you discuss today and discrimination.


    Source


    Reply to Akyol etc

    by Sukru Server Aya, 10 May 2012



    Direct Link .

    Saturday, May 5, 2012

    3350) Faith, Freedom, And Flag The Influence Of American Missionaries In Turkey On Foreign Affairs, 1830-1880

    © This content Mirrored From  http://armenians-1915.blogspot.com Elizabeth W. Shelton, M.A.

    ABSTRACT

    From the early days of the American Republic, Protestant Christianity and the American values which derived from it have had a heavy influence on U.S. for-eign affairs. The initial 19 th century missionaries to Anatolia in the Ottoman Empire were highly-educated men steeped in Calvinistic and American values. In the period 1830-1880, when American official representation was slight and generally confined to Constantinople, information about activities in Anatolia came largely from the missionaries who were scattered across the region, living in towns and regularly visiting scores of villages in their mission areas. Their reports, letters, articles, lectures, and books profoundly shaped the views of policy makers and have influenced policies and opinions to this day.

    Who these missionaries were, what uniquely American values they took with them overseas--rule of law, democracy, equality of citizens and respect for their “in-alienable” rights, including freedom of conscience--how they reacted and then
    . . .




    Direct Link: Faith, Freedom, And Flag The Influence Of American Missionaries In Turkey On Foreign Affairs, 1830-1880 , Shelton Elizabeth

    .

    3349) Clearing Some Misconceptions About the Armenian Issue


    Maxime Gauin,
    JTW Columnist,
    5 May 2012

    The Armenian question comes onto the agenda every year, at the end of April of course, and also during crises like that of the recent liberticidal bill in France—the bill which was eventually suppressed by the Constitutional Council in the name of freedom of speech. In looking for a better approach, it is important to avoid confusion, some of which this article analyzes.
    . . .

    At first, the trials of 1919-1920 are supposed to have firmly established the “criminal designs” of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) government vis-à-vis the Armenian population. The Entente libérale (Hürriyet ve İtilaf or Liberal Union), which was recreated by the instigations of the British Embassy in 1910-1911thanks to Greek and British money, came back to power in 1919 during the occupation of İstanbul due to British pressure, and was even infiltrated by the British intelligence service, according to the French officers in Turkey. The party was an archenemy of the CUP and wanted to reject all the possible blame on the CUP’s leaders, both due to personal hatred and because of an illusory hope to obtain a better peace treaty for the Ottomans. For the trial of the ministers, even Oskan Mardikian, a former minister (CUP) of post and telegraph, was indicted.

    The Liberal Union sent the former CUP ministers in front of a martial court. It was legally wrong, since the Constitution of 1876, suspended in 1878 and restored in 1908 by the Young Turk Revolution, ordered that members of the government be judged for committed acts only by a special tribunal, the High Court. An unconstitutional procedure was chosen by the Liberal Union to sue former CUP ministers and their ex-collaborators, because according to the military justice of that time, the indicted persons were not allowed to be assisted by a lawyer during the investigation and did not have the right of cross-examination during the trial. Even in the Moscow trials organized by Lenin’s regime in 1922, or more recently in Guantanamo, the right of cross-examination was allowed to the defendants. After a short interruption, Damat Ferit Paşa, installed as Grand Vizier by the British, came back to power in İstanbul in April 1920. One of the first decisions of Damat Ferit was to ban the CUP defendants from hiring a lawyer, removing any right of defense.

    After the forced resignation of Damat Ferit (October 1920), the right to appeal the decisions was eventually accorded to those whom sentences had been given after April 23, 1920. All the persons who had this right appealed, and all were acquitted of all (or most) charges by the appeal court. The others’ trials were ended in practice on March 28, 1922 by the last Ottoman government, which after an administrative investigation acknowledged many shortcomings in the conduct of these trials. Nemrut Mustafa Paşa, president of one of the main first instance courts, was himself sentenced for corruption in December 1920, a few weeks after having given a severe and controversial verdict.

    All the original material of these tribunals—proceedings and “documents”—is lost, despite İstanbul having been retaken without a fight by the Kemalists, which left all the necessary time for Armenian and Greek activists to save, if needed, the material. All what remains are partial accounts in the İstanbul newspapers of 1919-1920, and these accounts contradict each other on some important points. Better translations would at least slightly improve the trust which can be placed in this material. For example, Taner Akçam changed the sense of the verdict for the case of the Bayburt events. The verdict mentions an order, coming from Erzurum, of a general expulsion of the Armenians of the region; Mr. Akçam asserts that there was an order coming from İstanbul for the annihilation of the Armenians, changing “not to leave any Armenian” into “not to leave any Armenian alive.”

    Vahakn N. Dadrian and Taner Akçam took similar liberties with the little basis upon which they allege that the Special Organization (SO) was involved in the Armenian relocation and the killings of some of the relocated Armenians. The record does not substantiate these accusations, quite the contrary, as demonstrated by Guenter Lewy, Edward J. Erickson and Erman Şahin. In particular, the archives (reports, mission orders) of the most frequently accused unit of the SO definitely demonstrate that this unit was on the Caucasian front, instead of relocations paths, during the years 1915 and 1916.

    In addition to these general errors of appreciation regarding the “evidence” for the “genocide” allegation, there are some misconceptions which are more specific to Turkey. Some Islamic conservatives apparently consider the Armenian issue a tool to take revenge against the secularists, considering that the Young Turks paved the way for Turkey’s secularization. Needless to say, it is ethically wrong to misuse history for political purposes. But such reasoning forgets the fundamentally anti-Muslim stance of the mainstream of those advocating the “Armenian genocide” allegation. The Anglo-Saxon, Armenian and Greek propaganda of WWI largely stressed “Muslim fanaticism” as the main cause of the “extermination” of the Ottoman Armenians. More recently, Vahakn N. Dadrian presented Islam as the main cause of the “Armenian genocide.” Even in Taner Akçam’s work, there are some traces of such an absurd thesis.

    Another kind of shortcoming is to believe that the strident reactions from the Armenian diaspora, and from Armenia itself, are the expression of suffering and that a certain “recognition” (the spectrum of hypothesis for such a “recognition” is rather large) is the main solution to the Armenian issue. In fact, most of the virulent Armenian speeches come from old extremistorganizations—namely the revolutionary parties created at the end of 19th century—which hated the Turks before 1915 and will continue to hate them, whatever their position may be. The mere existence of such organizations, and thus the material interest of their leadership, depends on the pursuit of the Armenian-Turkish conflict.

    On the opposite side of Turkey’s politics, the most common error is to label the events of 1915 a “civil war.”The bloody Armenian insurrections of Van, Zeytun, Urfa and some other cities, followed by a harsh repression, can be called “civil war” events, but the whole Turko-Armenian tragedy cannot be reduced to that. Nor can the relocated, mostly unarmed (or disarmed) Armenians deceased due to various reasons (assassinations, famine, epidemics) or the unarmed Muslim civilians killed by Armenian volunteers during the Russian retreat of 1917-1918 be appropriately called victims of a civil war.
    In conclusion, the Armenian question must be understood in its complexity, which means improving both the level of knowledge of Turkish opinion and Western opinion. In both cases, the translations and diffusion of scholarly work are crucial.

    *Maxime Gauin is a researcher at the International Strategic Research Organization (USAK) and a Ph.D. candidate at the Middle East Technical University Department of History.

    Source.