3257) Another Archive Document Related To The Armenian Attacks About To Be Forgotten

[Turkish Cops Being Attacked by the Armenians in Istanbul Streets]

By TruckTurkey

The ‘Illustration’ that represents the attacks by Armenian protestors to Ottoman Law Enforcement and that was published in the Nov 1896 issue of L’Univers Illustrie Journal is one of the rare examples. These rare illustrations that happen to be in French archives for many many years now are never published by the European or American media or by the science environment since they contradict the so called Armenian Genocide propaganda. Naturally, it is only wishful thinking to even consider that these illustrations can be seen in Armenian Institutions like Zoryan or Gomidas or in any related Armenian websites. . .

The explanation part of the ‘Illustration’ includes an article about ‘Turkish Armed Forces Being Attacked by Armenians in İstanbul Streets’. Meanwhile there is also reference to comments of British Minister of Foreign Affairs, Lord Salisbury politically presented about how they managed to get Abdülhamid the 2nd to form a comission in 1895 for demands to expand Armenian rights.

Indeed Lord Salisbury offered a plan to German Ambassador Von Herzfeldt in England in July 1895 about how to share Ottoman Empire but this plan was rejected by Germany at that time. [Grosse Politik der Europaischen Kabinette 1870-1914,Bd. X, s. 10 vd., 40 vd.]

England lost faith in the continuation of Ottoman Empire’s existence after the Ottoman-Russian war. They also started to have concerns about Russian Czardom having a powerful existence in the Mediterranean by capturing East and Southeast Anatolia with the help of the Gregorian Armenians, after they lost their influence in Caucasus that originated from the ‘Türkmenchay Treaty’ signed between the Persians and the British in 1828.

[Likewise, as a result of this dispute between England and Russian Czardom, Armenians would have to pay a heavy price after the Paris Peace Conference held in 1919

News about ‘Massacres of Armenains’ became quite frequently published in especially French and British media towards the end of 19th century whereas the American media which had not taken any sides about the matter yet was publishing just the opposite.

[Innocent(!) Armenians Through Historical NewsPaper Archives]

In an article published in L’Univers Illustrie Journal, it is mentioned why Abdülhamid the 2nd removed Grand Vizier Kamil Pasha from duty.

English Translation:

Incidents in Armenia & Anatolia

People were looking forward to the speech of Prime Minister Lord Salisbury about the ‘Matter of the Orient’ in the celebrations held by the Mayor. Prime Minister’s speech was comforting and helped remove the pessimistic atmosphere created by the war monger media.

It is a known fact that the delegates of the three super powers suggested changes to the special laws of the Ottoman Empire to end the distressing investigations about Armenians.

Lord Salisbury ruled out the concerns about the Sultan winning a political battle against the British by indicating that he accepted the resolutions of the super powers:

‘’The impression in the foreign countries was that I added new items to the demands of the three super powers and that I amended the resolutions in line with the thoughts of the international commission. That is not true. I did not add anything new to the demands. ’’

''I proposed verbally an alternative to the resolutions of the super powers, whereby having a similar and easily achievable solution, but that would result in a more heterogeneous comission conrolling the actual Muslim organization (hence the actual Muslim organization staying the same).

However when the Sultan accepted the proposal of the delegates from the three super powers, my alternative proposal became null and void. Since my suggestion for Muslim officials replacing Christian officials in this country (in Ottoman Empire) left an impression in European governments as if one religious group was developing an attitude towards another and since this was contradicting my position, I removed that.''

After this speech, Lord Salisbury indicated that the peaceful attitude of Christianity that was dominating Anatolia for 50 years was considered to be very important by the leader countries in continuation of this country’s existence.

The understanding of Lord Salisbury is that the leader countries worked in a tremendous unity that had never been seen before. Advisors of the Sultan indicated that massacres by Armenians would not be tolerated anymore. The reaction of the leader countries to this would be, according to Lord Salisbury, an expression of disapproval although this was just his opinion not the definite reaction.

It is now known why Grand Vizier Kamil Pasha resigned. This resignation became inevitable for the Sultan after he received a declaration from the three delegates of the leader countries. It is seen from this declaration that the leader countries complaint to the Sultan about the Grand Vizier because of his following statement: ‘’ The rebellions seen in several cities will not end soon’’.

The Sultan sacrificed his Prime Minister without blinking an eye following this declaration and made him resign.

Kamil Pasha became unforgiveable after this. The Sultan made him the governor of İzmir to be able to send him away from İstanbul as quick as possible and demanded him to start work there immediately. Kamil Pasha upon this, had to start heading for İzmir by sea although his health condition was not good.

Leader countries in their resolution communicated to the new Minister of Foreign Affairs (as was also communicated to the previous Minister) the conditions of Anatolia as well as their opinions about this and this time even with more determination and asked how the Sublime Porte was considering these and how it would protect its legal existence going forward.

The leader countries were hoping that no international intervention would be necessary after the Sublime Porte took all necessary precautions following the official treaty becoming effective.

La Gazette de Francfort is conveying the reason for the resignation of Kamil Pasha as follows:

The Grand Vizier warned the Sultan about the dangerous foreign political games played on him by a declaration. After Kamil Pasha returned to the palace, the Sultan summoned him, tore the declaration apart, threw it to the Grand Vizier and shouted at him as: ''Get out you traitor! ''. Kamil Pasha hardly survived after this and left the palace.

Thanks Nabi & Elif for translates

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Kindly provided By Armenian Genocide Ballyhoo
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3256) Armenian Volunteers 1916 - SlideShow (94 Images)

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3255) "Betrayal By Armenians Is Historic Chain Of Events Aiming At Expanding Their Territories" Georgian Expert

Attending the Baku Conference "Caucasian House and the Armenians", Georgian historians and experts wanted to contribute to reporting the truth about the so-called "Armenian genocide" the Armenians mark on April 24 and about the destructive "national idea" of world Armenians, HD Guram Marhulia, Professor of the State University of Sukhumi, told Trend.

Conference "Caucasian House and the Armenians" arranged by the Human Rights Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan and the Association of Women-Journalists of Azerbaijan is being conducted in Baku with the participation of the Azerbaijani and Georgian scientists.

In 1985 when the shapes of USSR breakdown only started outlining, influential representatives of the so-called world Armenianship, having gathered at the 23rd congress of Dashnaksutun Party in Athens, raised the question of expanding Armenia’s borders. . .

"With one-vote majority, those who gathered there voted for annexation of Azerbaijani, not Georgian territories. The logic was that Nagorno-Karabakh was an autonomous region in contrast to Armenian-populated Samtskhe-Javaheti region of Georgia," the professor said.

However, the issue of expansion of Armenia’s borders presently touches upon Georgia as well because Armenian historians claim Samtskhe-Javaheti is a historic Armenian territory, he believes.

Marhulia said common people do not share the aspirations of politicians contributing to establishment of public organizations, which complain about the social position of Armenians residing in Georgia.

"As a matter of fact, the Government of Georgia does not examine the issue of social position of separate communes inhabiting the country. This political Armenian bluff has one aim only: annexation of part of Georgia by Armenia", the professor said.

Marhulia said the idea of "Great Armenia from sea to sea" rules Armenians’ brains.

They will never get access to the Caspian Sea and that’s why they currently work to expand the Armenian territories toward the Black Sea, he believes.

"This path - Samtskhe-Javaheti, the Kudar Pass, and Adzharia - is currently explored by the Armenians. It is hard to imagine today that Georgia will loose these territories; however, the Armenians who buy lands now settle in Abkhazia and Adzharia thus "outlining" Great Armenia’s shapes", Marhulia said.

Probably, one day the Armenians will begin to claim against the Krasnodar region where every fourth citizen is the Armenian, the scientist said. All these maneuvers aim at "Great Armenia", he believes.

Marhulia said the Armenian national idea was born not yesterday. Following the first Armenian-Georgian war, the Armenians annexed part of Georgia’s territory, as evidenced by Strabon, the professor said. There were many wars against Georgia and Albania, he said.

"At present, the Armenians also pursue a policy of expansion of its territories, which is directed against Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey. This policy envisions search of an ally for the expansion of territories of its state, since the Armenian nation can not do it without assistance".

Such was in the historic past and such happens today, too, the professor believes.

He said the Armenian Kingdom was abolished in 1045 and the Armenian population resettled in Cilicilia, Cappadocia and other territories of the then Byzantium Empire, now Turkey. At the time, part of Armenians settled in Georgia where they chose nearly all corners of the country as the Georgian nation had welcomed them, said Marhulia.

"But when an enemy attacked Georgia, the Armenians cordially welcomed it and occupied the houses of Georgians who had been killed in battles with enemies. The same happens today: Armenian families settle the houses the Georgians left in Abkhazia and South Ossetia after the August 2008 war. And so do the Armenians who currently live in the houses of Azerbaijanis in the occupied Nagorno-Karabakh," he said.

The betrayal by the Armenians is a historic chain of events, said Marhulia.

When the Armenians lived in the Seleucid Empire they established their state, which broke down soon after that, the professor said.

"When the Arabs invaded the South Caucasus and Albania in the second half of the 8th century, Armenian rulers offered the Arabs their help in a search of strong ally. They served to the Arabs and worked to establish their own state," said Marhulia.

"At the time, the Armenian state was established at Georgia’s indigenous territories under the Caliphate’s backed. As time lapsed, the Armenians, who had settled in Cilicilia and Cappadocia, established the so-called Armenia state, which, as a matter of fact, was a small commune ruled by catholicos whom they called Tsar. The same happened when the Ottomans waged war on the Byzantium Empire: the Armenians betrayed the Byzantines by supporting Ottoman Turks," said Marhulia.

However, when the Ottoman Empire waged war on Russia nothing disturbed the Armenians to betray the Ottomans as well. One day the Armenians will also betray Russia after they find a new geopolitical strength.

Undoubtedly, the Government of Georgia thinks Nagorno Karabakh is the territory of Azerbaijan as Baku admits that Abkhazia and South Ossetia are the historic regions of Georgia, the professor said.

"No nations in the world currently have as strong interrelations as the Georgian and Azerbaijani nations have. This can serve an example for many countries. And this, with God’s help, will last centuries," he said

22.04.2011 - Azerbaijan, Baku, April 21 /Trend, E. Tariverdiyeva

© TREND News Agency

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Caucasian House and Armenians Conference opens in Baku with Azerbaijani and Georgian scholars




Conference "Caucasian House and Armenians" arranged by the Human Rights Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan and the Association of Women-Journalists of Azerbaijan launched in Baku with participation of Azerbaijani and Georgian scholars.

In her opening remarks MP Aytan Mustafayeva, Director of the Human Rights Institute, told the conference that the Georgian community and the Azerbaijani community should work together to unmask the facts of Armenian occupation, which have taken place all over the history. Azerbaijani and Georgian scholars should make politicians aware of such facts. "Armenians try to veil their actions by the concocted "Armenian genocide", but the real genocide facts are the people buried alive by Armenians and whole villages annihilated by them," Mustafayeva said.

The Institute’s Director said Samtshkhe-Javaheti is a delayed-action bomb, which can be used by Armenian politicians for their interests in future. She urged politicians to be attentive to such issues. She said the psychology of Armenians is based upon misappropriation of alien values.

"There are dozens of ethnical groups, which have been populating Azerbaijan since the Zoroastrian era. In Azerbaijan, there is a synthesis of cultures, which is an indicator of tolerance," Mustafayeva added.

"Armenians have been inventing new history of their "statehood" for centuries", Guram Marhulia, PhD, Professor of the State University of Sukhumi, told the conference in a report. The Georgian scientist said Georgia’s 18 wars with Armenians have been marked in the history.

"Armenians in all times were specialized in trade and espionage," Marhulia noted. "Armenians at different times spied for the interests of Persians, Arabs, Russians and others who tried to invade Caucasian countries."

In his report, the Georgian scientist drew historic facts to illustrate terrorist, annexionist actions of Armenians in the territory of Georgia.

The Armenians want to conceal their annexionist actions through spreading the topic of concocted "Armenian genocide" in the world media, Sevil Yusifova, Head of the Association of Women-Journalists of Azerbaijan, said. "Azerbaijani and Georgian scholars must unite their efforts to notify the international community of the truth of Armenia’s policy in the Caucasus."

As claimed in the Soviet period, Armenians and Georgians had lived in peace, brotherhood over the whole length of history, Nodar Berulava, PhD, Professor of the State University of Sukhumi, told the conference in his report "Armenia-Georgia: Out-of-Scene Side of Friendship". "However, all historical examples illustrate that Armenians had territorial claims against Georgia at different periods," Berulava added.

According to Berulava, Armenia has never had its strict border -- an indication of the fabricated nature of statehood of this ethos. "Unlike the rest nations of the Caucasus, the Armenians, who had resettled here from other territories, always aimed at self-identification," the Georgian scientist stressed.

22 April 2011 - Today.Az

3254) Some Armenian Nationalists Still Eager To Kill Turks |ASALA Threatens Turkish Embassies In The Year 2011 | Largest Armenian Terror Dossier Ever

Some Armenian nationalists still eager to kill Turks by Gareth Jenkins 26 April 2011

News.Az interviews Gareth Jenkins, non-resident Turkey expert at the USA's Johns Hopkins University.

Barak Obama didn't use the 'genocide' in his annual message to Armenian community. Could it be some sort of satisfaction for Turkey?

No, I don't think so. Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu has already accused Obama of being "one-sided" for using the phrase that Armenians use when they refer to the events of 1915. But privately I would imagine that the Turkish government is thankful that Obama didn't use the word "genocide", which he had promised to do when he was running for president.

What are the prospects of Turkish-Armenian reconciliation while Armenians try to get "genocide" recognized in the world?

Reconciliation is always difficult when history casts such a long shadow. Having said that, tensions over what happened in 1915 tend to peak around April each year and then subside; and the two countries came close to reconciliation in late 2009, even though Armenians around the world were pushing for recognition of the genocide at the time.



It is worth remembering that the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) dislikes the Young Turks who were in power in Istanbul in 1915; and one of whose members, Ataturk, went on to found the secular Turkish Republic in 1923. I am sure that many of them would be prepared to lay all the blame for what happened in 1915 on the Young Turks if that was all that stood in the way of normalizing relations with Armenia.
But ultimately what happened in the early 1990s, with the invasion and occupation of Nagorno Karabakh, is a much bigger obstacle to reconciliation than what happened in 1915. Put bluntly, Turkey has a lot more to lose from antagonizing Azerbaijan than it stands to gain from normalizing relations with Armenia. And I can't see a situation in which Azerbaijan would support Turkish reconciliation with Armenia unless it followed a resolution of Nagorno Karabakh.


Turkish embassies in Georgia and some other countries received threat message from ASALA (Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia) - If Turkey supports Azerbaijan in the event it attacks Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, "then the list will be finished," said the message, in clear implication of the list of murdered Turkish diplomats. How serious is this terror threat?

I don't think ASALA presents anything like as big a threat as it did in the past. As far as I know, most of its network has been wound up. Having said that, the threat still needs to be taken seriously. Even if ASALA no longer poses such a threat, there is always a possibility of a small group of fanatics trying to stage a bombing or assassination.

The fact that so many Turkish diplomats were killed in the past - and that, even though the numbers are small, there are undoubtedly some fanatical Armenian nationalists who would still like to kill Turks - means that the Turkish authorities cannot afford to be complacent about such threatening messages.

Some people say that Turkish side is not active enough (as Armenians at least) in providing the world community the real facts about 1915 events. Do you agree with that and what should be done to change the situation?

Turkey has long been its own worst enemy when it comes to the events of the late Ottoman Empire. Its attempts to stifle debate and prosecute even Turks who disagree with the official version of history has made it look to the rest of the world as if it is trying to hide something. It has left it very, very late to get its message across.

The Armenian diaspora has been much more proactive and much more successful; not least in defining the issue to be debated, namely what happened to the Armenians in 1915-1916 rather than a more general examination of what happened in the late Ottoman Empire regardless of the religion or ethnicity of those who killed or were killed.

Are you sure that Turkey will maintain linkage between reconciliation with Armenia issue and the Karabakh problem?

The AKP was aware of the Nagorno Karabakh issue when it went to Switzerland in October 2009 to sign an agreement with Armenia. The reason it changed its mind and abandoned the reconciliation process with Armenia was not because it suddenly learned about Nagorno Karabakh and decided to take a moral stance but because it suddenly realized that Azerbaijan was going to react if it normalized relations with Armenia before the Nagorno Karabakh issue had been resolved.

So I think it is really Azerbaijan which is maintaining the linkage rather than Turkey. If there is ever a situation in which the AKP thinks it has more to gain from reconciliation with Armenia than it has to lose from antagonizing Azerbaijan, then I think it will drop all talk of a linkage with Nagorno Karabakh.

Leyla Tagiyeva
News.Az

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Turkey’s Foreign Ministry and National Intelligence Service, or MIT, are examining a threat message allegedly sent by the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia, or ASALA, which killed 34 Turkish diplomats in the 1970s and 1980s, according to diplomatic sources ...

The threat message was reportedly first received at the Turkish Embassy in Tbilisi, Georgia, which is responsible for handling Armenian issues since Turkey has no diplomatic mission in Yerevan. A number of other Turkish embassies have received similar messages, sources said.

If Turkey supports Azerbaijan in the event it attacks Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, “then the list will be finished,” said the message, in clear implication of the list of murdered Turkish diplomats.

Various Turkish embassies throughout the world have asked their host countries to increase security measures. Several Turkish embassies operate in countries that have sizeable Armenian communities like France, the United States and Lebanon.

The Foreign Ministry and the MIT are analyzing the threat messages in view of developments in the Armenian-Azerbaijani dispute as well as Turkish-Armenian relations. Armenians are preparing for 2015, the 100th year of the tragic events that involved the killing of thousands of people in eastern Turkey as the Ottoman Empire collapsed.

“There is radicalization among Armenian youth, especially in the diaspora. Their frustration over failing to make their genocide claims internationally recognized might have led to some of them reviving ASALA,” said a Turkish official asking to remain anonymous due to the sensitivity of the subject.

Active from 1975 to 1986, ASALA claimed responsibility for about 200 attacks on Turkish diplomatic and non-diplomatic institutions and murdered 58 Turkish and non-Turkish people, 34 of whom were Turkish diplomats. ASALA was listed as a terrorist organization by the United States until the 1980s, but was taken off the list when the group disbanded.

April 21, 2011
BARÇIN YINANÇ, Hürriyet Daily News

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The Largest Armenian Terror Dossier Ever *
* NB Please Let Us Know If We Missed Any
We'll Update The Following List Accordingly

1. ASALA Threatens Turkish Embassies, The Year 2011: Largest Armenian Terror Dossier Ever
2. ARF Archives (32 Images)
3. Armenian Terrorists in History (244 Images)
4. Armenian Terror
5. Remembering The Orly Attack
6. Video: Armenian Terrorists' Deadly Turkish Embassy Attack, Ottawa Canada 1985
7. Video: Bombing Turkish Consulate, Melbourne: Forensic Investigators: Australia's True Crimes
8. Terrorism History on Australian Soil
9. Terror Attack in Toorak (Melbourne Australia 1986)
10. People v. Armenian Terrorist Yanikian
11. Video: Dashnaks: Opportunistic & Morally Corrupt Terrorist Armenians
12. Video: Taner Akcam Story: From Terrorist To Armenian Propagandist
13. Book Review “Secrets Of A Christian Terrorist State Armenia”
14. Armenian Terrorism: A Reappraisal By Michael M. Gunter
15. Vicken Hovsepian: US Citizen, Convicted Terrorist & Member of ARF’s World Bureau
16. Letter From Permanent Representative Of Turkey To UN About Ex ANCA Chairman & Convicted Armenian Terrorist Mourad Topalian
17. How A Court Case Was Won In France Against A Dashnak
18. ASALA: Irrational Terror Or Political Tool By Anat Kurz and Ariel Merari
19. Pursuing The Just Cause Of Their People A Study Of Contemporary Armenian Terrorism by Michael M.Gunter
20. Report On Armenian Terrorism And JCAG Terrorist Hampig Sassounian
21. The Armenian Revolt(1894-1920),The Movie, 56 Minutes
22. Full Transcript Of The Soghomon Tehlirian 1921 Trial
23. Transnational Sources Of Support For Armenian Terrorism By Michael Gunter, Fall 1985
24. Video: Armenian Terrorist Group ASALA And Its Murders
25. A Time To Redefine Policy? by William T. Corbett
26. Pursuing The Just Cause Of Their People: Study Of Contemporary Armenian Terrorism by Prof. Michael Gunter
27. Transnational Sources Of Support For Kurdish Insurgency In Turkey Including References To ASALA, By Michael M Gunter
28. Terror Australis
29. Terrorism: Indian And Turkish Experiences By Türkkaya Ataöv
30. Terrorist Renaissance: France, 1980-1983 by Samuel T. Francis
31. Mourad Topalian, Armenian-American Activist Sentenced in Explosives Plot Jan 25, 2001
32. Shiragian: Armenian Government Supported Terrorist or A US Agent, Or Both?
33. Terrorism as Bloody Real Fantasy-War
34. Armenian Terrorism-Topalian-Affidavits (Pdf) (ATAA.org)
35. Chronological List Of Armenian Terrorist Activities From 1918 To 1999
36. If You Sentence Me To Death Ten Times... I Deserved It" Levon Ekmekchian
37. International Dynamics Of Terrorist Cells In An Australian Context by Koshchade
38. Praising Terrorism And Murder: A 100 Years Old Armenian Habit No:1
39. Congressman Howard L. Berman: Armenian Lobby Recently Deceived You At Capitol Hill Into Meeting With ASALA Terrorist Topalian!
40. Do We Ever Remember Anything?
41. The Expenses of PKK is from Armenia / PKK-Armenia Hand To Hand
42. Testimonies Of A Bloody Murderer: Kevork Guzelyan
43. Hampig Sassounian's Parole Hearing, 2006 With A Few Analyzing Footnotes
44. "Genocide" Lobbyist Murad Topalian : ASALA Terrorist
45. An Honorable Armenian Troubled by Dashnaks & Terrorists
46. Video: Armenian Terrorist Organization ASALA and Murders
47. FBI's Top Ten: Armenian Immigrant Solomonyan & 5 Others Convicted Of Military-Weapons Charges
48. Video : NBC Special: Armenian Terrorists at Work in U.S
49. A.S.A.L.A. Appreciation Group: Some Terrorism Support Community : The ASALA Appreciation Group Has Vanished/Closed/Gone Underground
50. Armenian Question From Terror To Policy : Free E-Book
51. Unarmed Armenians? Photos Say The Reverse
52. What Some Armenians Will Do For The Truth
53. George Yetvart Deukmejian, 1973 California Governor, Releasing Armenian Terrorist Gurgen Karakin Yanikian
54. Do You Really Know The Truth?
55. Junior Dashnaks
56. N. Y. Times, 1895: Turks Need Protection from Armenians & Armenian Terrorists Gunning for American Missionaries
57. Free E-Book : Archive Documents About The Atrocities and Genocide Inflicted Upon Turks by Armenians
58. Russian Commander Lieutenant Colonel Tverdohlebov's Documents Reveal Armenian Terror Activities 1917-1918
59. 'Global' Terrorism: Main Reasons
60. The Role of the ARF in the Diaspora
61. Terrorist Organizations of Armenia
62. Politics Trumps Justice for Armenian Terrorist
63. Breakdown of Armenian Terrorist Incidents, 1973-1987 & Comparing the Black Liberation Army to the Dashnaks
64. Armenian Terrorists' Solidarity for Other Terror Causes & How One Armenian Justified Armenian Terror
65. Amnesty request denied for Armenian who shot Turkish Consul in Los Angeles
66. Unarmed Armenians?
67. This Month in History: Armenian Terrorism in December
68. Countering Terrorism In Late 198os And 199os Future Threats And Opportunities For US By Dr Stephen Sloan
69. Nazi-Armenians Helped Hitler Exterminate Jews
70. PKK terrorism under the protection of the global forces
71. Armenian Question From Terror To Policy : E-Book
72. The West and Terrorism: PKK as A Privileged Terrorist Organization
73. The age of violence
74. Armenian Ideological Terrorism by Ayhan Ozer
75. Parole denied for the Armenian terrorist killed a Turkish Diplomat
76. A Case Study in the Punishment of Armenian Terrorists
77. Munich 1972 – Was Asala Founder Hagop Hagopyan Among The Terrorists?
78. ASALA: Nobody Has Right To Make Statements In Name Of
79. Armenian Question From The Standpoint Of International Law
80. Assassination of Talat Pasha and Harootiun Mugerditchian
81. Armenian Terror Victims, Diplomats Were Commemorated
82. The Armenian Qestion in the Early Cold War: Repatriaton Scheme
83. Victims of the Armenian Gangs accuse French Parliament of hypocrisy / Parliamentarians warn French counterparts
84. Armenia And Christianity : The Holy Mess
85. Armenian hardliners are getting what they want
86. Appeal verdict convicting Hampig - Harry- Sassounian (1986)
87. PKK Models ASALA
88. The Enemy Is The Same, Even Though The Aims Conflict
89. The Armenian Cause In America, Today
90. Armenia, The Great Deception: Secrets of a “Christian� Terrorist State. By Samuel A. Weems
91. Monument For Diplomats Murdered By Armenians To Be Erected In Ankara
92. The Armenian Terror Organization, Asala, Has Written Its Name For Years On The World’s History Of Terror . . .
93. Armenian Terrorism in the 20th Century
94. Armenians Whose Views Run Contrary to the Diaspora
95. PKK-Armenian Relations
96. Armenian Terrorism Joined PKK and Continues Its Attacks
97. 'Secret Services Used Asala Terror as Cover'
98. The Armenian Terrorism Against the Turks
99. The Enemy Of My Enemy Is My Friend
100. Major Armenian Terrorist Organisations
101. Armenians' Hate: A Product Of Their Own Actions
102. TDN Interview With Sam Weems, the Author of The Book " Armenia: The Great Deceit. The Secrets Of A "Christian" Terrorist Society",
103. Armenian Diaspora in Australia
104. The Observations of An American… ARMENIANS STILL OPENLY SUPPORT TERRORISM! ... Islam Ingredient, & Religion by Sam Weems
105. Other People’s Wars: A Review Of Overseas Terrorism In Canada by John C. Thompson & Joe Turlej
106. The Mind of a Pro-Genocide Partisan: Randy McDonald
107. Murdered Turkish Diplomats
108. Fanatical Armenian terrorists
109. The Roots of Armenian Violence
110. Armenian Terrorist Groups Prior to Great War

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Comment by (95.9.141.348) Ankara, Turkey

23rd April 2011
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This situation, once again displays the hypocrisy of Western mentality, morality and also justice by supporting Armenian claims and pursuing Turkish enmity policy.

Such that:

It is really surprising to see that the memory of the world public is so weak to remember the murders of the Turkish diplomats, committed and supported by the Armenians: Did the Armenians not establish outlawed terrorist organizations ASALA, JCAG (Justice Commandos for Armenian Genocide) and ARA (Armenian Revolutionary Army) and did they not perform dozens of murders and hundreds of terrorist activities? Because of these Armenian terrorist organization’s activities, did 70 people not die (39 of whom being innocent Turkish diplomats); were 524 people not wounded; were 105 not pledged? Additionally did these organizations not perform 208 bombing activities during 1975-1986? Then, they passed on their trade to kill Turkish people to the PKK.

What did the American Armenians do when Armenian Yan?kyan, who murdered the Turkish diplomats Mehmet Baydar and Bahad?r Demir in Santa Barbara, California and surrendered the police? The Armenians gathered around the district and SALUTED the murderer!!

During the trial, bus load of Armenian children, aged 7-13, were transported from Los Angeles area, and when Mr. Yanikian was escorted to the room they rose in unison to greet a man who was their hero, just because he had murdered two innocent men.

Just at that time, Armenian-Americans quickly mobilized and formed a group called "American Friends of Armenian Martyrs" to raise funds for his defense and to use the court case as "an educational campaign to bring the story of Turkish genocide before the American and world attention" (Armenian Mirror-Spectator, March 24, 1973). Until his death almost a decade later, a few months after he was released from prison on the order of the then California governor, George Deukmejian, Yanikian continued to receive gifts and supportive letters from Armenian-Americans (ATAA, Armenian Atrocities and Terrorism, Washington, 1997; http://www.ataa.org/reference/topalian/VIS6_Berkoz_Affidavit.pdf).

The Armenian criminal of Orly Airport massacre, Karapetyan, a member of ASALA, who was imprisoned for 18 years then set free by France, returned to Armenia in May 2001, he was welcomed by the then Armenian prime minister A.Margaryan, the Armenian folk and journalists who applauded him as if he were a national hero. A. Margaryan told that he appreciated this hero’s service for his country. Armenian Yerivan municipality provided work and house for the MURDERER 1179 (www.prima-news.ru/news/articles/2001/9/13/15705.html)

On 28 January 1982, Turkey’s Los Angeles Consul General Kemal Arikan was killed by the Armenian Dashnak militant Hampig Sassounian, who was sentenced to life imprisonment. Sassounian's father stated on public television, "I am glad that a Turk was killed, but my son did not do it."

A campaign to provide funds for Sassounian's defense raised $250,000 in small donations from Armenian-Americans throughout the United States. (Michael M. Gunter, "Pursuing the Just Cause of Their People": A Study of Contemporary Armenian Terrorism, Wesport-New York, Greenwood Press, 1986, p. 74.)

After Hampig Sassounian was found guilty of murdering the Turkish Consul in Los Angeles in 1982... Bishop Yeprem Tabakian, the prelate of the Western Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church, stated: "Hampig's conviction is an indictment directed against all Armenians." Archbishop Vatche Hovsepian, the primate of the Western Diocese of the Armenian Church, added: "I am truly shocked about the verdict

* Levon Marashlian, of the Glendale College of Armenian history and culture, said Armenian terrorists are "patriots who have been waiting for 70 years." An Armenian student of Dr. Dennis Papazian, professor of history and the University of Michigan in Dearborn, was quoted as saying: "In a way, I'm kind of proud of the terrorists." (Gunter, "Pursuing the Just Cause of Their People:" A Study of Contemporary Armenian Terrorism, pp. 99-100).

*Since 1984, ARF commemorate every year the suicide-attack against the Turkish embassy in Lisbonne (25 July 1983), and describe the five terrorists as "heroes" (Gaïdz Minassian, Guerre et terrorisme arméniens, Paris, PUF, 2002; http://www.tallarmeniantale.com/terror-case-study.htm).


*A monument of Tehleryan, the murderer of Talat Pasha was erected in Yerivan in 2006 (Milliyet March 17,2006 and Agos March 24, 2006; http://www.tallarmeniantale.com/pics/tehlirian-monument.JPG).

*Mourad Topalian, ex-leader of Armenian National Committee of America was sentenced to 36 months in prison for his complicity in bombing the Turkish mission at the United Nations. In spite of this, he was not labeled a terrorist by Armenian Americans.

Murad Topalian, former president of the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA) was sentenced to 37 months of jail for storing of weapons and explosives, linked to a terrorist group. In France, Ara Toranian, president of the Coordination Committee of French Armenian Association from 2003 to 2007, and still currently the most prominent character of Armenian community of France, was the sopkesman of the terrorist group ASALA, from 1976 to 1983, then of a dissident group, ASALA-RM, from 1983 to its destruction by French police, in 1985.

I call every human and every official of foreign governments, European and American JUSTICE to ask themselves if they ever did their duty to react Armenian terrorism and violence?

And also ask if the world public did its duty to give evidence-based responses to the massacres inflicted upon Turks/Muslims by the Armenians in Anatolia in the 1st World War (ATAA, Armenian Atrocities and Terrorism, Washington, 1997, p. 28, available: http://karabakh-doc.azerall.info/ru/armyanstvo/arm12eng.htm ), which started long before the Armenian deportation and to aforementioned Armenian terrorism, so as not to let genocides repeat themselves.

The answers are two big ‘NO’s.

And I call the public opinion to pay attention to the courage of the Armenians to perform new Turkish massacres during their invasion of the Azerbaijani territory in 1992: One woman’s fingers were plucked and two men’s skins were flayed. (The Economist March 7, 1992, p.48), some were burned, some of the bodies were destroyed (New Republic Vol 206, No 14, April 6, 1992, p.11); more than 1000 Azarbaijani Turks were massacred (‘Faces of Massacre’ Newsweek, March 16, 1992; ‘Massacre by Armenians Being Reported’. The New York Times, March 3, 1992)].

Here are other examples showing that the Armenians have adopted the language of violence as a life style:

The Armenians committed sabotage upon the house of American historian Prof Stanford J Shaw just because he declared that Armenian genocide did not occur in 1977 http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/oct/16/armenian-crime-amnesia/
http://209.232.239.37/gtd1/ViewIncident.aspx?id=56624).

*In the lecture of Richard G Hovannisian, held in Florida Atlantic University, on April 2, 2008, one Armenian woman told that the Armenians should have killed more Turkish diplomats!

Turkish prime minister, Assembly several times suggested Armenia to discuss these events together with historians from both sides and even historians from other countries. Armenia persistently refused. By making the parliaments pressure to pass genocide resolutions, Armenia aims to bypass historical realities and wants to escape from facing with its own history unlike Turkey.


HOWEVER:

When Hrant Dink was murdered, Turkish people, president, all members of goverment, bureaucrats from all levels, journalists sincerely mourned and condemned the murderer.

Millions of Turkish citizens gathered in his funeral ceremony and shouted as ‘we are all Armenian’ with tears. Including the annual Press Freedom Award of Turkish Journalist Association, Hrant Dink was awarded with many prizes, after his death.

Additionally, 60 000 illegal Armenian immigrant workers who are Armenian citizens are working throughout Turkey, at present. If Turkey and Turks also adopted the language of violence, how could these Armenians go on working in this country?

Therefore, people, countries and journalists who support Armenia in its policy, foster and approve violence which had become Armenian national language, instead of supporting dialogue and peace for the world.
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3253) "Metsamor Atomic Power Station, Armenia: Great Danger For South Caucasus & Whole Of Europe" Council of Europe

Is Armenia's Nuclear Plant the World's Most Dangerous?
Marianne Lavelle and Josie Garthwaite
National Geographic News, April 11, 2011

In the shadow of Mount Ararat, the beloved and sorrowful national symbol of Armenia, stands a 31-year-old nuclear plant that is no less an emblem of the country's resolve and its woe.

The Metsamor power station is one of a mere handful of remaining nuclear reactors of its kind that were built without primary containment structures. All five of these first-generation water-moderated Soviet units are past or near their original retirement ages, but one salient fact sets Armenia's reactor apart from the four in Russia. . .

Metsamor lies on some of Earth's most earthquake-prone terrain.

In the wake of Japan's quake-and-tsunami-triggered Fukushima Daiichi crisis, Armenia's government faces renewed questions from those who say the fateful combination of design and location make Metsamor among the most dangerous nuclear plants in the world.

Seven years ago, the European Union's envoy was quoted as calling the facility "a danger to the entire region," but Armenia later turned down the EU's offer of a 200 million euro ($289 million) loan to finance Metsamor's shutdown. The United States government, which has called the plant "aging and dangerous," underwrote a study that urged construction of a new one.

Plans to replace Metsamor after 2016—with a new nuclear plant at the same location—are under way. But until then, Armenia has little choice but to keep Metsamor's turbines turning. As Armenians learned in the bone-chilling cold and dark days when the plant was closed down for several years, Metsamor provides more than 40 percent of power for a nation that is isolated from its neighbors and closed off from other sources of energy.

"People compare the potential risk with the potential shortage of electricity that might arise if the plant were closed," says Ara Tadevosyan, director of Mediamax, a major Armenian news agency. "Having had this negative experience, people prefer to live with it, and believe that it will not be damaged in an earthquake."

A Need for Nuclear

The 3 million people of landlocked Armenia are unique in their energy dependence on one aging nuclear power reactor. Regional conflicts that broke out in the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the smallest of its former republics at odds with its neighbors.

Azerbaijan to the east and Turkey to the west closed their borders with Armenia, cutting off most routes for oil and natural gas. The blockade, which remains in place to this day, heaped a new economic wound onto an old scar. After the massacre of more than one million Armenians during World War I and subsequent conflict, the Soviets ceded the western part of the historic Armenian homeland to Turkey. The snow-capped peak of Mount Ararat, still revered in Armenia as the resting place of Noah's Ark, emblazoned on trinkets and storefronts throughout the land, is now in Turkey.

The Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant is just 10 miles (16 kilometers) from the Turkish border—in an area that includes the fertile agricultural region of the Aras River valley. It's only 20 miles (36 kilometers) from the capital of Yerevan, home to one-third of the nation's population. And it is in the midst of a strong seismic zone that stretches in a broad swath from Turkey to the Arabian Sea near India.

On December 7, 1988, a 6.8-magnitude earthquake struck, killing 25,000 people and leaving 500,000 homeless. Some 60 miles (100 kilometers) from the epicenter, Metsamor, then with two operating reactors, survived the temblor without damage, according to Armenian officials and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Because the devastating earthquake heightened concerns about the seismic hazard to the facility, the Soviet government shut the nuclear plant down.

Tadevosyan said that public attitudes toward Metsamor have been strongly shaped by the nation's experience living without it during the six-and-a-half years that followed.

"There were severe power shortages during the winter months," he recalled in a telephone interview from Yerevan. "We had a situation where you had one hour of power a day, and sometimes no power at all for a week. You can imagine—it was as cold in the apartment as it was in the street."

A pipeline to import Russian natural gas through neighboring Georgia in the north was built in 1993, but it was regularly interrupted by "sabotage and separatist strife in that country," as the World Bank noted in a 2006 report.

In 1995, the government of then-independent Armenia decided to restart the younger of the two reactors. Richard Wilson, nuclear physics professor emeritus at Harvard University, was part of a delegation of outside experts in Armenia at the time. He recalls that the Russians who came from the airport to help reopen the reactor were cheered from the side of the road upon their arrival.

When the unit restarted, "It became a source of energy and a source of hope for Armenia," explained Tadevosyan. "It was a symbol that dark times are over: 'We have electricity.' And it is still seen as such today."

Fortifying an Old War Horse

Armenian officials say modifications made to the reactor over the past 15 years have made it safer. Before Metsamor was reopened, Armenia airlifted more than 500 tons of equipment to the site (most of it from Russia), for upgrades, according to the Nuclear Energy Institute, an industry group in the United States.

In the years since the restart, the IAEA says close to 1,400 safety improvements have been made. Those included "seismic-resistant" storage batteries, reinforcement of the reactor building, electrical cabinets and cooling towers. The United States provided equipment for a seismic-resistant, spray-pond cooling system. Fire safety was viewed as a critical deficiency at the plant, so extensive upgrades were made, including 140 new fire doors.

The result, officials say, is a reactor that is much safer than the original unit that went into service at the site on January 10, 1980. When construction began in 1969, Metsamor was a VVER 440, Model 230, an example of one of the earliest pressurized-water nuclear plant designs, developed by the Soviets between 1956 and 1970. It was not the same design as Chernobyl, which used solid graphite instead of water to moderate—or slow down—the fission reaction. (The graphite fire contributed to the world's worst nuclear disaster, and 11 of these early graphite-moderated reactors continue to operate in Russia.)

The VVER 440, in contrast, used water both to moderate and to cool the fuel, as in Western designs. (Its initials, in Russian, stand for "water-water-power-reactor.")

In fact, the VVER system, with multiple cooling loops, was seen as "more forgiving" than Western plants, according to archived documents from the International Nuclear Safety Program, a former U.S. Department of Energy program aimed at aiding in safety improvements at Soviet plants. VVER 440 units would be able to stand a power loss for a longer period of time than Western plants because of the large coolant volume.

After Japan's nuclear crisis erupted, the head of the Armenian State Committee on Nuclear Safety Regulation, Ashot Martirosian, pointed to Metsamor's cooling system as one reason Armenians should rest assured. "Such an emergency situation cannot arise here," he told Radio Free Europe.

Nuclear engineering expert Robert Kalantari, whose Framingham, Massachusetts, firm, Engineering Planning and Management, consults for U.S. and Canadian regulatory authorities, says Metsamor is like any other nuclear plant in operation worldwide. Although its safety features are different, all have to be able to be shut down safely during a so-called "design basis accident," the kind of accident anticipated in its design. He said he is confident that Metsamor could operate safely in such an accident, and that it could cope even with accidents beyond its design basis.

"Metsamor is no less safe than any other reactor in operation throughout the world," Kalantari said. "Armenia as an independent country cannot survive without [Metsamor], which is a functioning, safe, and reliable source of energy for the country."

Lack of Containment

But the VVER 440s share one characteristic with Chernobyl that has been a continuing concern to many who live nearby: They have no containment structure.

Instead, VVER 440s rely on an "accident localization system," designed to handle small ruptures. In the event of a large rupture, the system would vent directly to the atmosphere. "They cannot cope with large primary circuit breaks," the NEI's 1997 Source Book on Soviet nuclear plants concluded. "As with most Soviet-designed plants, electricity production by the VVER-440 Model V230s came at the expense of safety."

Antonia Wenisch of the Austrian Institute of Applied Ecology in Vienna, calls Metsamor "among the most dangerous" nuclear plants still in operation. A rupture "would almost certainly immediately and massively fail the confinement," she said in an email. "From that point, there is an open reactor building, a core with no water in it, and accident progression with no mitigation at all."

Despite the upgrades to the plant, she said, "the overall safety has not improved sufficiently." She points to Armenia's own most recent report for the international convention on nuclear safety, which estimates the risk of "core damage frequency" to be nearly two incidents every 10,000 years. She said that number should be less than one. The average risk at U.S. nuclear power plants is 2 such incidents every 50,000 years, according to a report by the U.S. Electric Power Research Institute.

Over the past decade, the European Union, living in close proximity to the old Soviet plants, used leverage where it could to get some of them shuttered. Four VVER 440 units in Bulgaria and two in Slovakia were closed as a condition of those countries joining the European Union.

But four of the units remain in operation in Russia—two in the northern city of Murmansk, on the Kola Peninsula near the Barents Sea, and two at Novovoronezh, in the Voronezh region in the west (the area of last summer's devastating Russian forest fires). Metsamor is the only VVER 440, Model 230, operating outside of Russia.

Since it failed to persuade Armenia to close the plant, the EU has focused on providing aid for improving its safety, spending more than 59 million euros ($85 million) on such projects as well as for renewable energy, and regional energy cooperation efforts.

Armenia has made efforts to obtain other sources of fuel, such as a natural gas pipeline from its southern neighbor Iran, which opened in 2007. But the amount of fuel to be imported remains in question. The conduit poses potential competition to Russia, a country on which Armenia remains highly reliant, for everything from nuclear fuel to grain. A U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded study concluded that a new nuclear plant was Armenia's lowest-cost energy option.

Plans for the Future

Armenia intends to break ground on a $5 billion reactor project next year—a larger, and more advanced Russian VVER 1000. The government is going forward with a conference late this month to seek help from potential investors and engineering contractors. The planned reactor would have a containment vessel, but it would be located in the same seismic area as the current Metsamor plant.

Hakob Sanasaryan, a chemist who is chairman of the Greens Union of Armenia, says that although he believes the Metsamor reactor's old design makes it less safe than newer plants, it is the location that is his greatest concern.

Speaking by telephone through an interpreter, he said his group opposes the plan to build a new plant at a place of such high seismic hazard, within Armenia's prime agricultural region, and so close to the country's most populous city. If the government were to reconsider that project in the wake of Japan's crisis, Sanasaryan said, it would be "the only good thing that might possibly come out of these tragic events."

Sanasaryan would like to see Armenia further develop its hydroelectric resources, or more thermal energy from geothermal sources or natural gas. He also has great hope for the country's solar energy potential. "We have existing infrastructure," he says. "If it were exploited better, it could satisfy Armenia's energy needs."

But another Armenian environmentalist, Karine Danielyan, president of Armenia's Association for Sustainable Human Development, laments that there has been insufficient effort over the past 15 years to create a renewable energy base. Danielyan, a former Armenian environment minister, wrote in an email that she is keenly aware of the harm that resulted from the energy shortages during Metsamor's closure. In addition to increased mortality due to the cold, deforestation accelerated rapidly as citizens scavenged for wood to heat their homes. The sharp increase of water flow to ramp up hydroelectricity caused severe stress to the nation's largest lake, Lake Sevan, where efforts at ecological restoration are a continuing battle.

Although she calls herself "an opponent of nuclear power engineering," Danielyan said she was compelled to join the call to improve safety at Metsamor and restart the plant in 1995. Now, she says, the country faces the need to construct another nuclear plant. "Unfortunately, now Armenia has not another alternative," she says.

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2011/04/110412-most-dangerous-nuclear-plant-armenia/

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Click Here For The Direct Link To The Document Functioning Of Metsamor Atomic Power Station Of Armenia: Great Danger For South Caucasus & Whole Of Europe




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3252) Armenian Question Today I-II By Armen Ayvazyan

I. Strategic Level “Divide and Conquer”: The Dismemberment of the Armenian Question In 2010 the question of the immediate formal recognition of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR) was again raised in the Parliament of the Republic of Armenia (RA). Unfortunately, both the initiators and opponents of this step consider recognition of NKR exclusively in the superstructural combinations of the diplomatic game, ignoring its base – the strategic level. The fact is that the Karabakh conflict is part of the unresolved Armenian Question, . . all the main components of which – the Turkish-Armenian conflict, the Karabakh conflict arising from it, the international recognition of Armenian Genocide and the issue of Javakhk – continue to be assessed by the political elite of RA in complete isolation from each other.

Click Here For The Direct Link To Th eDocument: The Armenian Question Today I-II By Armen Ayvazyan




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3251) Remembering The Orly Attack

19 April 2011
Updated: 6 May 2011

By Maxime Gauin*

ABSTRACT

The bombing of the Orly airport, on July 15, 1983, one the two most bloody attacks by Armenian terrorists in the 1970’s and 1980’s, is not an accident or a crime whose responsibility could be attributed only to a tiny group of extremists. It is rather a logical consequence of a decade of violence. The attack did not stop the Armenian terrorism after July 1983; and the sincerity of “critiques” pronounced by the main Armenian diaspora’s associations is at least questionable. If the trial of 1985 was a great victory against the terrorism, the “recognition” of the “Armenian genocide” claims in the French Parliament, against the dispositions of the French Constitution, was a reward to terrorism, and a decisive help to the release of the main perpetrator of the Orly bombing.

KEYWORDS

ARF, ASALA, Armenian terrorism, Türkkaya Ataöv, criminal law, Hagop Hagopian, Hunchak, JCAG, Jean Loyrette, François Mitterrand, Orly, PKK, Ramkavar, Mümtaz Soysal, Jean-Marc Ara Toranian, Jacques Vergès . .

On July 15, 1983, was perpetrated the worst terrorist attack which happened in France since the end of World War II, and the worst perpetrated in peace time. A bomb placed by the Armenian Secret Army for Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) in Orly airport (one of the two main airports of Parisian agglomeration) killed eight tourists (four French, two Turks, one American, one Swedish), wounded 90, including around 60 seriously, including several who remained infirm for life. As confessed Waroujan Garbidjian (Karapetian), chief of ASALA in France, sentenced to life for the attack, the goal was to destroy a plane of Turkish Airlines (and so to kill all his passengers and staff); it is only by accident that the explosion happened in the airport. “Orly” remained the symbol of bloody terrorism against Turkey and related targets.

Arrested on July 20, 1983 and sentenced to life on March 3, 1985, Mr. Garbidjian was released in April 2001. The purpose of this paper, published on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of this release, is to clarify the context and the consequences of this terrorist attack; especially, to rectify the various and frequent errors about this crime.

The Road to the Bombing

ASALA was created in 1971 within the Lebanese branch of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF), and also with the participation of some members of Hunchak, another Armenian nationalist party.[1] The ARF did lose quickly the control of the group, which taken over by two Palestinian terrorist leaders: George Habbash (a former admirer of Nazism who turned to far left in the 1960’s) and Waddi Haddad (who became a KGB agent in 1971, precisely[2]). As a result, the ARF created in December 1972 her proper terrorist group, the so-called “Justice Commandos against Armenian Genocide” (JCAG), later named Armenian Revolutionary Army (ARA); to prevent any dissidence, the JCAG/ARA were directly subordinated to the World leadership of ARF.[3]

The Armenian terrorism was re-launched in practice by the double murder of Turkish general consul Mehmet Baydar and his deputy Bahadır Demir, perpetrated by Gourgen Yanikian (ASALA’s reference) on January 27, 1973, in Santa Barbara.[4] ASALA started officially its attacks in January 1975 (but likely as early as 1973, under the name of “Yanikian Commandos”); the JCAG began on October 22, 1975, by the assassination of Daniş Tunalıgil, Turkish ambassador in Vienna.[5]

“France after Turkey, was the country who suffered the most of the Armenian terrorism: 18 peoples were killed on French soil from 1975 to 1983, namely six Turkish diplomats and staff members (including the Turkish ambassador İsmail Erez and his driver)[6], two Turks in the consulate of Lyon, on August 5, 1980, one French secretary in bombing Marmara agency (see below), eight persons in Orly attack, one in the bombing of an exposition hall in Marseille, on October 1st, 1983.[7]”

The existence of an important Armenian community in France is not the single reason of this exceptionally bloody situation. After 1979-1980 and the rising of ASALA, there was a contest between the political branch of this group one side, and the ARF on the other side, for the control of the Armenian community in France. The strong popularity of terrorism, especially among the most active Armenians, led ASALA to increase, again and again, the number and the violence of terrorist attacks, especially in France. Because the arrest of Dashnak terrorist Max Hraïr Kilndjian in 1980, and the victory of Socialists in national elections of 1981, ARF preferred to stop the attacks in France — which did not mean to stop the terrorism in other countries, as we will see in the next part on this article.

Anyway, in addition to the competition between JCAG/ARA and ASALA, the questionable conduct of the trials of two Armenian terrorists were, in practice, encouragements to continue and increase the violence. Indicted for attempt of murder against the Turkish ambassador in Switzerland, the Dashnak Max Hraïr Kilndjian was sentenced as only as accomplice, to two years of jail, by the tribunal of Aix-en-Provence. The witnesses of the attack were threatened to death, so one dared to go Aix-en-Provence. The lawyers of Mr. Kilndjian argued mostly on “genocide” allegations, and were helped by several witnesses, including the main self-proclaimed historians who diffused the “Armenian genocide” allegation in France: Jean-Marie Carzou (Zouloumian), Gérard Chaliand (Chalian) and Yves Ternon. The lawyer of Turkish ambassador received no contra-genocide argument, and so, focused on the case itself and on the danger of terrorism.[8] A huge Dashnak crowd attended to the trial, to intimidate the jury and the magistrates. The line of ARF was clearly expressed since the very beginning: “Guilty or not, we support Max Kilndjian”.[9] It is not needed to say that Mr. Kinldjian’s slight sentence was welcomed with a big enthusiasm by the Dashnaks. Every issue of Haïastan, the monthly of Young Dashnaks in France, is full of articles vehemently supporting Mr. Kilndjian, from 1980 to 1982. But at least the ARF considered that the necessary complementary counterpart of such an arrogant and aggressive attitude was to end the terrorist attacks in France.

However, ASALA was of a different opinion. To obtain the release of its terrorists, ASALA used extensively the intimidation and blackmail by bombings and threats of bombings. But interestingly, the same staff of lawyers defended ASALA and JCAG terrorists in France and Switzerland, except for the Orly attack, and this exception is mainly due to the decision of ASALA itself. The “Comité de soutien aux prisonniers politiques arméniens” (CSPPA, “Support Committee to Armenian Political Prisonners”), in charge of paying the lawyers’s costs, was leaded by Jean-Marc “Ara” Toranian, who was also the chairman of the Mouvement national arménien (MNA), a group which was the political branch of ASALA until 1983.[10] The CSPPA supported both ASALA and JCAG indicted terrorists.

Tried for the bombing of a Parisian office of Turkish Airlines, in January 1983, the ASALA terrorist Abraham Thomassian was sentenced, on July 7 of the same year, to only 30 months of jail. Monte Melkonian revealed later that Hagop Hagopian gave inadvertently to Mr. Thomassian offensive grenades, instead of defensive, i.e. much less dangerous explosives, only by ignorance; that is why nobody was killed.[11] However, the goal was actually, like in Orly, to kill maximum number of persons. By comparison, another ASALA terrorist, Zaven Bedros, was sentenced on July 23, 1983, by a London’s tribunal, to eight years of prison for illegal storing of weapons and explosives and conspiracy to take the Turkish ambassador hostage.[12]

On February 28, 1983, ASALA bombed an office of the travel agency Marmara, which is a French company, killing one French secretary and wounding four other French citizens. Hay Baykar, the newspaper edited by Mr. Toranian, slammed only those who called this act “terrorist” and “criminal”, and considered the bombing as completely excusable; Hay Baykar insinuated even that those condemned these acts were motivated by an anti-Armenian “racism”.[13] This attack was not the first successful blind bombing by ASALA. As early as March 10, 1980, a bomb killed two persons and wounded at least twelve others, mostly Italians, at the Turkish Airlines office of Rome.[14] No one perpetrator was arrested; it was the same for all the other attacks of the Armenian terrorists in Italy, Germany, Spain and Portugal.

On August 7, 1982, a suicide-attack of ASALA at the Ankara airport killed nine tourists (including one German and one American) and wounded 71 others (including one American).[15] Hay Baykar presented warm congratulations to ASALA for this carnage.[16] One month before the Orly attack, ASALA committed a suicide attack in Istanbul’s bazaar, killing two persons (ASALA claimed twenty-five) and wounded twenty-three.[17] One more time, Hay Baykar praised the crime: “Meguerditch Madarian fell as martyr in the flower of his youth, an image of Armenian youth which despair and cynicism about the success of our cause have led the most awful, the most insane sacrifice — Madarian, dead on the enemy’s soil.”[18] Similarly, in its issue of November 24, 1982, Hay Baykar published an article entitled “Notre lutte et l’opinion publique” (“Our Struggle and Public Opinion”), recommending to Armenian terrorists to commit criminal acts well beyond the assassination of only Turkish diplomats, and to not take too much care of the reactions of the public opinion. The perpetrators of Orly bombing did nothing but to follow these recommendations. The crime of Orly was the absolutely logical consequence of precedent bombings, of encouraging comments made by ASALA’s political branch, and of the lack of efficient repression against terrorist acts, especially in France.

But the Orly attack provoked the quick dismantlement of ASALA in France; Yves Bonnet, head of the Direction de la surveillance du territoire (DST, French counter-terrorist and counter-intelligence police) received the green light from the government for an operation which he hoped to organize since his nomination, in 1982: the arrest of the whole ASALA network in France, by a coordinated operation of all the national police forces.

The Reactions of the Main Armenian Diaspora’s Associations: “Critiques” Contradicted by Facts

According to the French association “SOS-attentats”, the official condemnation of the Orly bombing by the French Armenian associations was published only “more than one year” after the event.[19] Anyway, there are other reasons to doubt of the sincerity of the “condemnation” of this attack.

The medal of hypocrisy has surely to be awarded to the MNA of Mr. Toranian, not only because MNA, as we saw, supported fully the strategy of ASALA until the Orly attack. Indeed, Hay Baykar, despite his so-called “critique” of Orly attack, claimed impunity for the perpetrators, and slammed the verdict (life imprisonment for Varoujan Garbidjian, 15 years of jail for Soner Nayir, 10 years for Ohannes Semerci): “the rise of anti-Armenian repression, which we denounce tireless since months, culminated this Sunday March 3, 3 hours a.m. […] These three condemnations are a new blow to the Armenian cause.”[20] Hay Baykar supported also unconditionally Soner Nayir[21], who designed the firing circuits of Orly’s bomb;[22] one member of MNA was sentenced to jail for concealment of criminal (i.e. Soner Nayir); Mr. Toranian himself was sentenced to four months of suspended jail, but relaxed by the appeal court: he gave money to a friend, who used this money to help Soner Nayir; the first-instance court decided that Mr. Toranian could not ignore completely the destination of his money, the appeal court gave him the benefit of doubt.

Similarly, Mr. Toranian stated in an interview to Le Nouvel Observateur, in 1986, that Hagop Hagopian, the chief of ASALA, was a “fascist” and an “anti-Semite”[23], failing to explain why his newspaper and his association supported this “fascist” during several years — including at the time (1980) when ASALA bombed the office of El Al in Rome airport, and stated that the “Zionist Jews” are among the main enemies of the Armenians.[24] Mr. Toranian failed also to say why, as editor-in-chief of Hay Baykar, he allowed the publication of several articles which called the Israeli government and the whole Israel’s Jewish population “terrorists” and “Nazis”[25], a comparison which is a classical topic of the Arab and Iranian anti-Semitism.[26]

Anyway, the so-called “critique” of Orly attack did not mean the end of appeals to terrorism by MNA. Quite the contrary, the group became in practice to the dissident terrorists of ASALA-Revolutionary Movement what it was to ASALA prior to Orly attack. Only the arrests of its members by the French police prevented ASALA-RM to commit crimes on French soil.[27] During the trial of Monte Melkonian, chief of ASALA-RM, for possession of fake passport, illegal storing of weapons and conspiracy, Mr. Toranian himself testified for the terrorist, and justified his crimes.

The Armenian Revolutionary Federation was roughly as self-contradictory in “condemning” the Orly attack. It is a legend that the Dashnak terrorists of JCAG/ARA refrained to use bombs in public and non-diplomatic locations; quite the contrary, JCAG carried out the first bombings of this kind, on May 29, 1977, in Yeşilköy (today Atatürk) airport and Sirkeci railroad station of Istanbul (5 deaths, 64 wounded).[28] In October 1982, the FBI arrested five Dashnak terrorists who wanted to blow the whole building where the Turkish Honorary Consulate of Philadelphia is located. According to FBI estimates, approved by the appeal court, the bomb “would at least 100 casualties. A daytime explosion could inflict as many as 2,000 to 3,000 casualties.”[29] Speaking on behalf the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA, political branch of ARF), local representative Leon Kirakosian “condemned this effort by the FBI and local police agencies to do Turkish dirty work against the Armenian people.”[30] The chief of the group, Vicken Hovsepian, sentenced to six years of prison (the prosecutor asked 25 years)[31] is currently a member of ARF’s World Bureau and the supreme representative of ARF in USA. Before 1983, the ARF saw no necessity to “condemn” any act of ASALA; in Autumn 1982, during a series of ARF’s meetings in France, the participants rejected explicitly the idea to “make the trial of ASALA”; the single shortcoming of ASALA, according to them, was to refuse an united front with ARF.[32]

The Orly attack did not dissuade the ARF to continue terrorism, including attempts of bombing in public places. During the year 1984, ARA assassinated two Turkish diplomats[33]; two ARA’s terrorists were killed by their proper bomb, accidentally, in the car park of Topkapı’s palace, in Istanbul[34] — a touristic place where non-Turkish tourists could have been very likely victims if the bombing was successful. On March 12, 1985, ARA carried out its most organized attack, against the Turkish embassy in Ottawa; it failed only because the sacrifice of the guardian Claude Brunelle and the important number of Pinkerton agents who protected the embassy. The cold-blood murder of a non-Turkish did not prevent ARF, of course, to present her three criminals (sentence to life) as “heroes”.[35]

The meetings organized by ARF in Paris, Lyon and Marseille, in the end of 1985, about “Ten years of armed struggle” showed that the activists of the ARF wanted the continuation of terrorism, and not at all any stop.[36] In the end of 1986, The Armenian Weekly, official publication of ARF in Boston (Massachusetts), published an article asserting that the Armenians can “only be excited by these acts of violence, as ‘acts of creation’ since the destruction of any representative of the Oppressor, Turkey, means the assertion of Armenian dignity”.[37] According to the account made by Gaïdz Minassian of the ARF’s congresses which decided to suspend for one year (1985) then sine die (1986) the activities of ARA, the arguments used by the partisans of suspension — chiefly Hracht Dasnabedian (1928-2001) — did not mention the Orly attack, but above all practical reasons: the terrorism was getting increasingly expensive, the effectiveness of the polices in the countries where Dashnak terrorist acts are perpetrated and the pressure of various governments were increasing also. Mr. Minassian gives also this interesting precision: the ARF’s specialists in explosives were sent, in 1985-1986, to the camps of PKK[38], one of the most violent terrorist groups in the world.[39]

The Hunchak party was not much convincing in “condemning” the Orly attack. An official of this political organization said in Spring 1982, about ASALA’s attacks that “actually our party is not against these operations; on the contrary, we support them.”[40] This statement, which happened after the first blind and murdering bombing by ASALA, takes a special sense, because two of the four ASALA terrorists who attacked the Turkish Consulate in Paris were ex-members of the Hunchak party.[41]

Unlike the ARF, the Ramkavar did not have a terrorist branch, and unlike Hunchak, there was no explicit statements in favor of terrorism; but individuals and local groups were totally allowed to support terrorists by words and by giving money to pay lawyers’ costs; and as far as 2000, when the main columnist of Ramkavar in USA, Moorad Mooradian (1935-2009), recalled the Armenian terrorism, he justified the assassinations of Turkish diplomats and said absolutely nothing, not a single word of critique, on Orly attack, or any other bombing in public places.[42] Speaking few after the Orly attack, Larry Cretan, former director of the Ramkavar-dominated Armenian Assembly of America (AAA), said “I am disturbed by those kinds of acts because I feel they’re counterproductive,” — so not because they are criminal — and added he could “understand the motivations behind them.”[43]

The Armenian Reporter, an Armenian American daily independent of any political parties, was probably more sincere, because he started to criticize terrorism before the Orly attack; however, these critics should not be overestimated. Indeed, until 1982, The Armenian Reporter accepted to publish articles inciting to murder and terrorism, including some statements of ASALA.[44] The daily agreed to criticize any terrorist act committed after the carnage of Ankara airport, and this carnage itself, but maintained integrally his praising of the majority of terrorist acts committed before the Summer 1982. Especially, in its issue of March 8, 1984, The Armenian Reporter published, in the first page, a necrology of Gourgen Yanikian, saying that Yanikian, in perpetrating his double murder, “opened [a] new era of political struggle” and “changed the course of Armenian history.”

The peak of support to terrorism by Armenian groups and individuals — Dashnaks and non-Dashnaks — in France happened after the Orly attack, in January-February 1984, i.e. around the trial of the four ASALA terrorists who attacked the Turkish Consulate in Paris on September 24, 1981, killed one guard, Cemal Özen, and seriously wounding the consul, Kaya İnal: a crowd of nationalist Armenians attended to the trial to intimidate the jury, the prosecutor and the plaintiffs’ representatives; the famous singer Charles Aznavour and the film maker Henri Verneuil (Achod Malakian) sent written statements of support, together with other Armenian personalities; the trio Jean-Marie Carzou (Zouloumian), Gérard Chaliand (Chalian) and Yves Ternon testified one more time; the slight verdict (seven years of jail for every terrorists) was slammed as too severe by Armenian newspapers.[45] The trial of Hampig Sassounian, in the beginning of 1984, marked also, in USA, the peak of support from ARF, its activists and sympathizers, for terrorism.[46] And as far as February 1985, one year and a half after the Orly attack and few before the trial, the Armenian American journalist George Mason wrote, with regret: “There are many Armenian Americans in California who feel great sympathy for the Armenian terrorists. I have talked to numerous peaceful, fair and thoughtful men who have expressed support to terrorism.”[47]

The almost disappearance of Armenian terrorism in USA after 1982 (the main exception being the attempt of assassination against Bonnie Joy Kaslan, in Spring 1985[48]) has nothing to do with the Orly attack and everything with the efficient operations of FBI following the assassination of Honorary Consul in Boston Orhan Gündüz[49] and the strong protests of Ankara to Washington. As we saw before, the end of the Armenian terrorism in France is due to similar causes. And from 1988 to 1994, a second campaign of Armenian terror targeted Azerbaidjan, in the context of Armenian-Azeri conflict.[50]

The Trial: The Success of Truth, Courage and Coherence

The political context of the Armenian issue and the approach to terrorism in France improved quickly after the trial of January 1984 and the vehement Turkish protestations. François Mitterrand realized his serious error to call the fate of Ottoman Armenians as “genocide” during a speech pronounced in the beginning of 1984, for electoral reasons. In July 1984, when he changed largely his government, almost all the pro-Armenian ministers lost their position, or changed their affectations. As a result, there was a deal between François Mitterrand, the Turkish Ambassador Adnan Bulak, and Jean Loyrette, principal of Gide-Loyrette-Nouel firm law (actually the second best French firm law, and now currently the first) [51] and Counsel of French ministry of Foreign affairs. For the precedent trials (Max Kilndjian 1982, Abraham Thomassian 1983, the attackers of the Turkish consulate 1984), the Turkish diplomacy paid famous lawyers, but gave no (1982, 1983) or too few (1984) arguments about the tragedy of World War I. Mr. Loyrette is not only one of the best French lawyers of the XXth century, but he has also a Ph.D. in contemporary history, obtained from Oxford University.

In December 1984 and January 1985, during two separate trials of terrorists, where the Turkish side was represented by Mr. Loyrette and his firm, the change of situation showed itself. Charged for illegal storing of explosives, Avétis Catanessian was sentenced to four years of jail (more than Mr. Thomassian, who was charged for bombing, in 1983). Other terrorists were sentenced to two or three years of jail, for the same charge, or for concealment of criminal.

For the trial of Orly attack (February-March 1985), the DST agreed with the Turkish Embassy to prevent the nationalist Armenians to attend the trial and to intimidate the tribunal. Only Turks and French were allowed to attend in the room. An important protection device was deployed. There was nothing like the hysterical crowd of Kilndjian trial, or the very mixed attendance of trials which happened in December 1984 and in January 1985.

The plaintiffs had three lawyers: Gilles de Poix and Christian de Thezillat, associates of Jean Loyrette, argued on the guilt of the three indicted persons; Jean Loyrette himself argued on the Armenian terrorism and against the “Armenian genocide” allegation. To reinforce this argumentation, four Turkish scholars — Sina Akşin, Türkkaya Ataöv, Hasan Köni and Mümtaz Soysal — testified against the “genocide” allegations; Avedis Simon Hacinliyian, senior lecturer at the Bosphorus University, testified against the allegation of “persecution” of Armenians in Turkey.[52]

Jean-Marie Carzou, Gérard Chaliand and Yves Ternon, accustomed to tribunal rooms since 1981, did not dare to participate at the trial as witnesses of defense, likely because the enormity of the crime, possibly also because there were afraid of the cross-examination by Jean Loyrette. But their books were used, among others, by the lawyers of defense. There was a real controversy, and the plaintiffs’ side was largely winner.

However, on a purely legal level, the defense had initially some advantages. Indeed, in 1985 (it changed as early as 1986), the French law did not authorize to restrict the release, during the trial, of the methods of investigation used against terrorists; all the conditions of the research of evidences had to be mentioned during the trial. So, the DST refrained from exposing all the material in the legal file, being afraid that other terrorists, including members of ASALA, could use such information to prepare future attacks with more safety. As a result, even the principal perpetrator of attack, Waroujan Garbidjian, was sentenced as an accomplice, not as an assassin.[53]

So, if Mr. Garbidjian was sentenced to life, it was not only because the majority of the victims killed were non-Turks, but also because the plaintiffs were able to challenge efficiently the “genocide” claims.

Because the bitterness of Hagop Hagopian, chief of ASALA, against his former comrade Jean-Marc “Ara” Toranian, the three terrorists charged for the Orly attack refused the help of the CSPPA, and chose as main Counsel Jacques Vergès — in addition to Christian Bourguet, Raffi Pechdimaldjian and Michel Zavrian. Mr. Vergès was the lawyer of Palestinian and pro-Palestinian terrorists since 1960’s, and defended also the war criminal Klaus Barbie, so this choice was in fact an handicap more than an advisable decision.

The single error of the Turkish side during the period mid-1984-1986 was to sue Mr. Toranian only for concealment of criminal, and not for glorification of terrorism and outrage to magistrates. Many articles of his newspaper Hay Baykar offered occasions for such court cases.

The “Recognition” of the so-called “Genocide”, or the Reward to Terrorism

Soner Nayir, sentenced to 15 years, served more than 11 years in jail, i.e. roughly three quarters of his sentence;[54] almost no convict serves more than the three quarters in France, since the end of XIXth century. Similarly, ASALA-RM’s leader Monte Melkonian, sentenced to six years, including two suspended, served more than three years (November 1985-January 1989).[55] So, it is not possible to say that, from the end of 1984 to the middle of 1990’s, the Armenian terrorists convicted by French justice benefited of slight enforcement of sentences.

But the “recognition” of “Armenian genocide” claims by the French Parliament (1998-2001), which, incidentally, violated the Constitution[56], permitted an exceptionally clement treatment for Mr. Garbidjian. His new lawyers argued of the “recognition” to obtain, with success in 2001, his liberation by the tribunal d’application des peines (parole board)[57], despite the absence of regrets and excuses by the terrorist.[58] Patrick Arapian, the main counsel of Armenian Revolutionary Federation in France — and a former associate of Jacques Vergès — played a capital role in this release.[59] If an evidence of ARF’s real opinion about Orly case was still needed, this fact would furnish it.

Anyway, Waroujan Garbidjian was released after less than 18 years in prison. A comparison with similar cases of 1980’s is self-explanatory. The far left terrorists of Action directe sentenced to life for murder (one or two murders for every) served more than twenty years, excepted Joëlle Aubron (18 years), released for serious health reasons; for instance 21 years for Nathalie Ménigon, 23 years for Maxime Frérot, 24 years for Georges Cipriani, 26 years for Régis Schleicher. The far right terrorist Michel Lajoye, sentenced to life for a bombing which did not kill or wound anybody (despite the intent of this criminal) served twenty years. The Lebanese terrorist Georges Ibrahim Abdallah, sentenced for his participation to the murder of two diplomats (one American and one Israeli) is in jail since 1984, with very few hopes of release. The Islamist Tunisian terrorist Fouad Ali Saleh, sentenced to life for several bloody attacks in Paris, is in jail since 1987.

Even more remarkable is the silence in France and the reactions in Armenia. Except an article in the daily Libération, the release of this terrorist provoked very few reactions in main French medias, and even less in French political world. Waroujan Garbidjian, despite his Syrian citizenship, was kindly expelled to Armenia.[60] He was welcomed in Erevan by the actual Prime Minister, Antranik Markarian, and by the mayor of Armenia’s capital, Robert Nazarian, who pledged to provide him with employment and accommodation.[61] This attitude was by no means exceptional. Mardiros Jamgotchian, member of ASALA and assassin of Mehmet S. Yergüz, secretary of Turkish consulate in Geneva[62], was welcomed in Armenia the Armenian Benevolent Association Gtutiun — the very first NGO created in Armenia — after his release of a Swiss prison, in 1991.[63] The four attackers of Paris consulate immigrated in Armenia after the independence; and as far as 2010, the Armenian Ministry of Culture supported financially the publication of a book glorifying the attack, and presented to the press by its author, Grigor Janikyan, with two of the perpetrators.[64]

In France, the main Armenian associations threw definitely out their mask in 2003, when Mr. Toranian was elected as president of Coordination Council of France’s Armenian Association (CCAF). He spent four years in this presidency, and was reelected in 2010 as co-president, together with the Dashnak Mourad Papazian, who was the most strident supporter of JCAG/ARA in France during the 1980’s.[65] There is definitely no clear limit between the Armenian activism, in France and several other countries, and the Armenian terrorism. The Wall Street Journal called appropriately “ASALA’s Day” the approbation, in September 1984, of the resolution designating April 24 as “National Day of Remembrance of Man’s Inhumanity to Man”.[66] The “recognition” of “Armenian genocide” claims in France was another “ASALA’s Day”, by every aspects.

Conclusion: Crimes and Double Standards

In a letter to President Woodrow Wilson dated of March 23, 1920, colonel Charles Furlong an Army intelligence officer and U.S. Delegate to the Paris Peace Conference, elaborated: “We hear much, both truth and gross exaggeration of Turkish massacres of Armenians, but little or nothing of the Armenian massacres of Turks. […] Our opportunity to gain the esteem and respect of the Muslim world […] will depend much on whether America hears Turkey's untrammeled voice and evidence which she has never succeeded in placing before the Court of Nations.”[67] In several telegrams to French War Office, especially on February 2, February 28 and March 5, 1919, General Hamelin, chief of French armies in the Near East in 1918-1919, warned that crimes perpetrated by Armenian soldiers were not less cruel than crimes perpetrated by Turks and Kurds, that these crimes will damage the image of France in the Muslim world, and that France will never be awarded by any gratitude of Armenian groups, who saw Hamelin’s country only as a source of money and a military force.[68]

These warnings have been neglected by these so numerous politicians who pretend write history for their own political purpose, and electoral interest. But, in addition to these double standards of war crimes, the Turks suffered of double standard on terrorism. No monument, plaque, nothing commemorates the Orly bombing, already largely forgotten. However, after the assassination of Hrant Dink, his name was given to two streets of Lyon and the main city of Lyon’s suburb, Villeurbanne, only to satisfy ultra-nationalist organizations which hated the deeds of Hrant Dink but now use his assassination for their political agenda.

The free speech in Turkey about Armenian issue is so far that Khatchig Mouradian, the editor-in-chief of the Dashnak Armenian Weekly — a newspaper which praised, as we saw, the Armenian terrorism, after to have praised the Armenian branch of Nazism[69] — was allowed to make a speech in Ankara about the so-called “reparations” which Turkey is supposed to have to pay[70] — without any legal basis. However, Turkey is still presented in EU and USA as restricting free speech on Armenian issue. And almost no protest came from the West in 2009, when the association of ASALA’s veterans silenced the Australian-Armenian scholar Armen Gakavian, who wanted to launch an apologies petition for Armenian terrorism of 1970’s and 1980’s, and for war crimes of Armenian soldiers and volunteers of Russian army during WWI.[71]

Finally, let’s notice that if the — mostly moderate — Muslims of Western countries are frequently criticized by xenophobes for their supposed lack of condemnation of terrorism — an unfair accusation for the majority, is it needed to say? —, almost no non-Turkish groups and individuals asks to the Armenians to condemn the terrorism. The ASALA terrorist Vazgen Sislian argued in 2010 that “Luckily, 99% of the Diaspora supported those actions and the mood in Soviet Armenia was also positive.”[72] Mr. Sislian’s figure is surely an exaggeration; but not even 1% of the Armenians, outside of Turkey, demonstrated by public statements that Mr. Sislian is wrong.


*Maxime Gauin is a visiting researcher at USAK.


[1] Gaïdz Minassian, Guerre et terrorisme arméniens, Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 2002, pp. 28-29.

[2] Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB Battle for the Third World, New York: Basic Books, 2005, pp. 246-253.

[3] Gaïdz Minassian, op. cit., pp. 22-23, 28 and 32-34; Francis P. Hyland, Armenian Terrorism: the Past, the Present, the Prospects, Boulder-San Francisco-Oxford: Westview Press, 1991, pp. 61-62; Yves Ternon, La Cause arménienne, Paris: Le Seuil, 1983, pp. 218-221.

[4] Michael Bobelian, Children of Armenia, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009, pp. 141-163; Bilâl N. Şimşir, Şehit Diplomatlarımız (1973-1994), Ankara: Bilgi Yayinevi, 2000, tome I, pp. 80-117.

[5] ATAA, Report on Armenian Terrorism and JCAG Terrorist Hampig Sassounian, p. 23 http://www.ataa.org/reference/Supporting_Documents_Hampig_Sassounian.pdf ; Gaïdz Minassian, op. cit., p. 44; Michael M. Gunter, “Pursuing the Just Cause of their People”. A Study of Contemporary Armenian Terrorism, Westport-New York-London: Greenwood Press, 1986, pp. 33 and 68.

[6] Michael M. Gunter, op. cit., pp. 68-69 ; Gaïdz Minassian, ibid. ; Bilâl N. Şimşir, op. cit., pp. 156-190, 300-312, 378-405 and 424-458.

[7] http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198310010001

[8] See the proceedings of the trial, published by ARF: Comité de soutien à Max Kilndjian, Les Arméniens en cour d’assises. Terroristes ou résistants ?, Marseille: Parenthèses, 1983.

[9] Yves Ternon, op. cit., pp. 223-224.

[10] Gaïdz Minassian, op. cit., pp. 45 and 65-66; Michael M. Gunter, op. cit., pp. 35 and 105.

[11] « L’ASALA sur et contre elle-même », Notes et études de l’institut de criminologie de Paris, n° 11-12, October 1989. http://www.drmcc.org/download_statique.php?dl=ne11_12.pdf

[12] Armand Gaspard (Gasparian), Le Combat arménien, Lausanne: L’Âge d’homme, 1984, p. 78; Michael M. Gunter, op. cit., pp. 81-82; Francis P. Hyland, op. cit., p. 210.

[13] Hay Baykar, March 17, 1983.

[14] http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198003100033 ; Sedat Laçiner, Ermeni Sorunu, Diaspora ve Türk Dış Politikası, Ankara: USAK, 2008, p. 251.

[15] http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198208080008

[16] Hay Baykar, September 29, 1982, and February 10, 1983.

[17] Michael M. Gunter, op. cit., pp. 70-71.

[18] Quoted in Stephen Segaller, Invisible Armies. Terrorism into the 1990’s, London: Sphere Books/Penguin Books, 1987, p. 68.

[19] http://www.sos-attentats.org/fiche-temoignage-reaction.asp?id={D7B3D942-B91C-4C0A-8C55-B709AC73F6F2}&c=Temoignages&lan_id=fr

[20] Hay Baykar, March 11, 1985.

[21] Hay Baykar, October 13 and 27, 1983; March 11, 1985.

[22] Michael M. Gunter, op. cit., p. 81.

[23] http://referentiel.nouvelobs.com/archives_pdf/OBS1145_19861017/OBS1145_19861017_046.pdf

[24] http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198002180004 ; Sedat Laçiner, ibid.

[25] See, especially, Hay Baykar, April 19 and September 29, 1982; and March 4, 1983.

[26] Bernard Lewis, “Muslim Anti-Semitism,” The Middle East Quarterly, June 1998, pp. 43-49 (http://www.meforum.org/396/muslim-anti-semitism).

[27] Michael M. Gunter, op. cit., pp. 49-53.

[28] Armand Gaspard (Gasparian), op. cit., p. 75; Yves Yernon, op. cit., p. 221.

[29] http://ftp.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F2/841/841.F2d.959.85-5037-5039.html

[30] Report on Armenian Terrorism and JCAG Terrorist Hampig Sassounian, op. cit., p. 51.

[31] Bruce Fein, “Armenian Terrorism with a North American Component: Sentencing Examples,” p. 3, in ATAA, Victims’ Impact Statement, 2000. http://www.ataa.org/reference/topalian/ATAA_Victim_Impact_Pleading.pdf

[32] “Mise au point et bilan de sept années d’actions armées”, Haïastan, October 1982.

[33] Michael M. Gunter, op. cit., p. 69; Bilâl N. Şimşir, op. cit., tome II, pp. 780-815.

[34] http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198409030001 ; Michael M. Gunter, op. cit., p. 63; Francis P. Hyland, op. cit., p. 219.

[35] For instance: http://www.fra-france.com/print_article.php?id=57

[36] “Dix ans de lutte armée”, Haïastan, December 1985.

[37] Aram Khaligian, “The Necessities of Violence and National Culture in the Liberation Struggle,” The Armenian Weekly, December 31, 1986, p. 15.

[38] Gaïdz Minassian, op. cit., pp. 108-109 and 114.

[39] Andrew Mango, Turkey and the War on Terror. For Forty Years We Fought Alone, London-New York, Routledge, 2005, pp. 31-57.

[40] Hay Baykar, April 19, 1982.

[41] Michael M. Gunter, op. cit., p. 78.

[42] Moorad Mooradian, “Turkish Groups’ Stereotyping Old Hat for Deniers,” The Armenian Mirror-Spectator, March 25, 2000.

[43] The California Courrier, August 4, 1983, p. 2.

[44] For instance: John D. Hagopian, “We Will Never Forget,” The Armenian Reporter, January 23 1982; “ASALA’s A. Yenikomshian Addresses New Year’s Message to Armenians,” id., January 26, 1982

[45] Armenian Terrorism and the Paris Trial, University of Ankara, 1984 (http://www.turquie-news.fr/IMG/pdf/TERORISME_ARMENIAN_ET_PROCES_DE_PARIS.pdf); France-Arménie, February 21, 1984; Hay Baykar, all the issues of January and February 1984; Michael M. Gunter, op. cit., p. 107; Bilâl N. Şimşir, op. cit., tome I, pp. 424-458.

[46] See, especially, The Armenian Weekly, January 14, 21 and 28, February 11, 1984; on the support to Hampig Sassounian in France, see Haïastan, June 1982, and the special issue on the Sassounian affair, February 1984.

[47] The California Courrier, February 7, 1985, p. 8.

[48] http://www.ataa.org/reference/topalian/VIS3_Kaslan_Affidavit.pdf

[49] On this murder: Bilâl N. Şimşir, op. cit., tome II, pp. 500-523.

[50] http://mfa.gov.az/eng/khojaly_en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=39

[51] http://www.gide.com/front/EN/home.htm

[52] Terrorist Attack at Orly: Statements and Evidence Presented at the Trial, February 19 - March 2, 1985, Ankara, Faculty of Political Science, 1985. The original French version is available online: http://www.tetedeturc.com/home/spip.php?article96

[53] https://www.unodc.org/tldb/pdf/France_CAValdeMarne_1985.pdf

[54] « Soner Nayir libéré », Les Nouvelles d’Arménie magazine, n° 1, mars 1995.

[55] « Libération du militant arménien Monte Melkonian », Le Monde, 17 janvier 1989.

[56] See the deposition of Senator Robert Badinter, former minister of Justice(1981-1986) and president of Constitutional Council (1986-1995) in front of Accoyer sub-committee, 2008: http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/13/rap-info/i1262.asp#P4036_1545373

[57] « Le terroriste Garbidjian quitte les prisons françaises », Libération, 24 avril 2001. http://www.liberation.fr/societe/0101371618-le-terroriste-garbidjian-quitte-les-prisons-francaises

[58] See this interview of 2008: http://www.armworld.am/detail.php?paperid=3029&pageid=96105&lang=_eng

[59] http://www.yerkir.eu/2008.11.16%20-%20FA%20-%20Interview%20Patrick%20Arapian.pdf

[60] « Le terroriste Garbidjian quitte les prisons françaises », art. cit.

[61] http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1142396.html http://www.armenews.com/article.php3?id_article=776

[62] Michael M. Gunter, op. cit., pp. 70-71 ; Bilâl N. Şimşir, op. cit., tome I, pp. 408-422.

[63] Letter of Gtutiun, April 8, 1991. I express my thanks to Sevil Kaplun, who sent to me a copy of this document.

[64] http://hetq.am/en/society/van/

[65] Haïastan, various issues, 1980-1986.

[66] “ASALA’s Day,” The Wall Street Journal, October 2, 1984, p. 30. See also, “Unraveling the Motivations for Armenian Terror,”, id., August 3, 1983.

[67] Quoted in Bruce Fein, “Armenia Crime Amnesia?”, The Washington Times, October 16, 2007. http://www.turkishcoalition.org/media/fein_wt.pdf See also Laurence Evans, United States Policy and the Partition of Turkey. 1914-1924, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1965, pp. 272-273; and Yücel Güçlü, Armenians and the Allies in Cilicia. 1914-1923, Salt Lake City, University of Utah Press, 2005, pp. 112-114 et 124-127.

[68] Archives du ministère des Affaires étrangères, série E, carton 304, dossier 7.

[69] Arthur Derounian, “The Armenian Displaced Persons,” Armenian Affairs Magazine, I-1, Winter 1949-1950 (http://www.tallarmeniantale.com/derounian-dashnak-dominat.htm); Ayhan Özer, “The Armenian-Nazi Collaboration in WWII,” The Turkish Times, July 15, 1996 (http://www.ataa.org/reference/nazi-ozer.html). The Armenian Weekly was actually named Hairenik Weekly.

[70] http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/04/28/ankara-conference/

[71] “Ermeni aydınlar da harekete geçiyor,” Radikal, February 1st, 2009 (http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetayV3&ArticleID=919591&Date=02.02.2009&CategoryID=77); “ASALA Threatens Gakavian over Apology Initiative,” Today’s Zaman, February 13, 2009 (http://todayszaman.com/news-166849-asala-threatens-gakavian-over-apology-initiative.html ).

[72] See note 64.

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N.B.We have backed up most of the (761 pages)online reference materials above, against possible unavailability on the net, just in case.

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ASALA’s DAY, Wall Street Journal

While considering yet another of those infernal "Armenian Genocide" resolutions in Congress, we hear from:

HON. CARROLL HUBBARD, JR. OF KENTUCKY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Tuesday, October 9, 1984

Mr. HUBBARD: Mr. Speaker, I read an excellent editorial in the October 2 WaIl Street Journal entitled, “ASALA’s Day,” which I urge my colleagues in the House to read. Indeed, the points raised about considering resolutions in the House and Senate that might be interpreted as endorsing terrorism against the diplomats of a democratic ally, namely Turkey, are definitely worthy of our consideration.

The editorial follows:

ASALA’s DAY

In the 11 years since an Armenian terrorist campaign against Turkey began, 41 Turkish diplomats plus members of their families and other innocents have been murdered.

The Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA), one of the major perpetrators, seems reasonably clear in its long-range goal, although its objectives are sometimes clouded by factionalism. Its dominant faction wants to “liberate” the eastern provinces of Turkey and incorporate them into the Soviet Union. This was explicitly stated when the ASALA official journal editorialized: “Our forces never strike against the Soviet Socialist Republic of Armenia which is already liberated.”

NATO bases in eastern Turkey, just the region that ASALA wants to “liberate,” are essential to any Western defense against a Soviet attack in the Mideast. The Soviets poured more than a billion dollars of arms through Bulgaria into the hands of both leftist and rightist Turkish terrorists during the 1970s in an attempt to destabilize the bulwark of NATO’s southern flank. The Turks responded with martial law and defused the threat sufficiently to allow the present movement back to democracy. But there is no reason to believe that the Soviets have given up their campaign to isolate Turkey from its NATO allies.

The U.S. Congress has managed to bumble into this nasty game.

Two bills now before that body seek to commemorate the large number of deaths of Armenians in eastern Turkey during World War I. There can be little doubt that the Armenian repression was a terrible chapter in history and perhaps the Turks have been too insistent on denying guilt. But it was only one part of a global tragedy that claimed nearly 15 million lives. Dredging it up now in Congress, some 70 years after the event, may be a generous gesture toward Americans of Armenian descent but is hardly an appropriate signal to U.S. enemies.

The milder version, sponsored by Rep. Tony Coelho (D., Calif.) and passed by the full House, calls for April 24, 1985, to be a day to commemorate the Armenian "genocide perpetrated in Turkey between 1915 and 1923.” In specific terms, this bill would not directly affect U.S. policy.

But the bill that has recently passed the Senate Foreign Relations Committee makes no pretense of avoiding current policy implications. Sponsored by Sens. Carl Levin CD., Mich.) and Pete Wilson (R., Calif.), Senate Resolution 241 calls for U.S. foreign policy “to take into account the genocide of the Armenian people. No one knows exactly what this means. According to his spokesman, Sen. Levin wants to link U.S. aid to the Turkish record on human rights.

The Turks are understandably confused, worried and upset. The Senate bill specifically says that the Ottoman empire and not the modern Turkish republic was responsible for the killings of Armenians. So, perhaps, the Turks have reacted too strongly to the threat of its passage. But, after more than a decade of terrorism, they can be excused for suspecting that the bills are part of a wider political agenda to separate Turkey from the West. In a week when Congress is examining ways to prevent attacks on our embassies, it is particularly ironic to consider resolutions that will be widely interpreted as endorsing terrorism against the diplomats of a democratic ally.

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